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21 Mars 2026<\/p>\n
Nga Sarah Pruitt – History<\/p>\n
Edhe pse dy sektet kryesore brenda islamit, sunit\u00ebt dhe shiit\u00ebt, bien dakord p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e besimeve dhe praktikave themelore t\u00eb fes\u00eb islame, nj\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7arje e hidhur mes tyre daton prej rreth 14 shekujsh. Kjo ndarje filloi nga nj\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje mbi at\u00eb se kush duhej ta pasonte Profetin Muhamed si udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i fes\u00eb q\u00eb ai themeloi.<\/p>\n
Sot, rreth 85 p\u00ebr qind e afro 1.6 miliard\u00eb mysliman\u00ebve n\u00eb bot\u00eb jan\u00eb sunit\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa 15 p\u00ebr qind jan\u00eb shiit\u00eb, sipas nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi t\u00eb Council on Foreign Relations. Nd\u00ebrsa shiit\u00ebt p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Iran, Irak, Bahrein dhe Azerbajxhan, si dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb Liban, sunit\u00ebt jan\u00eb shumic\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 40 vende t\u00eb tjera, nga Maroku deri n\u00eb Indonezi.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht dallimeve, sunit\u00ebt dhe shiit\u00ebt kan\u00eb jetuar krah p\u00ebr krah n\u00eb paqe relative p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb. Por duke filluar nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, p\u00ebr\u00e7arja u thellua, duke shp\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb dhun\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme, nd\u00ebrsa rryma ekstreme nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt luftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr dominim fetar dhe politik.<\/p>\n
Pasojat e vdekjes s\u00eb Muhamedit<\/strong><\/p>\n Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt e ndarjes sunite\u2013shiite mund t\u00eb gjurmohen deri n\u00eb shekullin e shtat\u00eb, menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas vdekjes s\u00eb profetit Muhamed n\u00eb vitin 632. Nd\u00ebrsa shumica e ndjek\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij mendonin se an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb elit\u00ebs s\u00eb komunitetit islam duhet t\u00eb zgjidhnin pasardh\u00ebsin e tij, nj\u00eb grup m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl besonte se vet\u00ebm dikush nga familja e Muhamedit, konkretisht kush\u00ebriri dhe dh\u00ebndri i tij, Aliu, duhej ta pasonte. Ky grup u b\u00eb i njohur si ndjek\u00ebsit e Aliut; n\u00eb arabisht Shiat Ali, ose thjesht shiit\u00eb.<\/p>\n Thelbi i problemit \u00ebsht\u00eb se Muhamedi vdiq pa nj\u00eb trash\u00ebgimtar mashkull dhe nuk e b\u00ebri kurr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb se k\u00eb do t\u00eb donte si pasardh\u00ebs,” thot\u00eb Lesley Hazleton, autore e librit After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Sunni-Shia Split in Islam. “Kjo ishte e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, sepse n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur ai vdiq, kishte bashkuar praktikisht t\u00eb gjitha fiset e Arabis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj konfederate q\u00eb u b\u00eb ummeti, populli ose kombi i islamit.”<\/p>\n N\u00eb fund, shumica sunite (e em\u00ebrtuar nga “sunna”, ose tradita) fitoi dhe zgjodhi mikun e ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb Muhamedit, Ebu Bekrin, si kalifin e par\u00eb, pra udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin e komunitetit islam. Aliu m\u00eb von\u00eb u b\u00eb kalifi i kat\u00ebrt (ose imam, si\u00e7 i quajn\u00eb shiit\u00ebt udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit e tyre), por vet\u00ebm pasi dy paraardh\u00ebsit e tij ishin vrar\u00eb.<\/p>\n Vet\u00eb Aliu u vra n\u00eb vitin 661, nd\u00ebrsa lufta e ashp\u00ebr p\u00ebr pushtet mes sunit\u00ebve dhe shiit\u00ebve vazhdonte. N\u00eb loj\u00eb nuk ishte vet\u00ebm kontrolli i trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb fetare dhe politike t\u00eb Muhamedit, por edhe shum\u00eb para, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e taksave dhe hara\u00e7eve t\u00eb paguara nga fiset e bashkuara n\u00ebn flamurin e islamit. Ky kombinim i pasuris\u00eb dhe pushtetit vet\u00ebm sa u rrit. Brenda nj\u00eb shekulli pas vdekjes s\u00eb Muhamedit, ndjek\u00ebsit e tij kishin nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb perandori q\u00eb shtrihej nga Azia Qendrore deri n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb.<\/p>\n Beteja e Qerbelas\u00eb dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e saj e q\u00ebndrueshme<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 681, djali i Aliut, Huseini, udh\u00ebhoqi nj\u00eb grup prej 72 ndjek\u00ebsish dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebsh t\u00eb familjes nga Meka drejt Qerbelas\u00eb (n\u00eb Irakun e sot\u00ebm) p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrballur me kalifin e korruptuar Jezid t\u00eb dinastis\u00eb Umajade. Nj\u00eb ushtri e madhe sunite i priste dhe, pas nj\u00eb p\u00ebrballjeje 10-ditore me p\u00ebrleshje t\u00eb vogla, Huseini u vra dhe iu pre koka, e cila u d\u00ebrgua n\u00eb Damask si trofe p\u00ebr kalifin sunit.<\/p>\n “Ishte qartazi synimi i Umajad\u00ebve t\u00eb vendosnin nj\u00eb fund p\u00ebrfundimtar ndaj \u00e7do pretendimi p\u00ebr udh\u00ebheqjen e ummetit n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nga Muhamedi,” thot\u00eb Hazleton p\u00ebr vdekjen e Huseinit dhe t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb Muhamedit n\u00eb Qerbela. “Por, natyrisht, nuk ndodhi k\u00ebshtu.” P\u00ebrkundrazi, martirizimi i Huseinit n\u00eb Qerbela u b\u00eb historia qendrore e tradit\u00ebs shiite dhe p\u00ebrkujtohet \u00e7do vit n\u00eb Ashure, dita m\u00eb solemne n\u00eb kalendarin shiit.<\/p>\n Ndarja sunite\u2013shiite n\u00eb shekullin XXI<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebrve\u00e7 Qerbelas\u00eb, tri momente ky\u00e7e e thelluan ndarjen deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb. S\u00eb pari, ngritja e dinastis\u00eb Safavide n\u00eb shekullin e 16-t\u00eb, e cila e shnd\u00ebrroi Iranin (me forc\u00eb) nga nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr sunite n\u00eb bastionin shiit t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, aleat\u00ebt fitues ndan\u00eb territoret e ish-Perandoris\u00eb Osmane pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. S\u00eb fundi, n\u00eb vitin 1979, Revolucioni Islamik n\u00eb Iran prodhoi nj\u00eb form\u00eb radikale t\u00eb islamit shiit, q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrplasej dhunsh\u00ebm me konservator\u00ebt sunit\u00eb n\u00eb Arabin\u00eb Saudite dhe gjetk\u00eb n\u00eb dekadat q\u00eb pasuan.<\/p>\n Mes politizimit n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb islamit dhe ngritjes s\u00eb fundamentalizmit n\u00eb t\u00eb dy an\u00ebt, tensionet sektare u shtuan n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit XXI, sidomos p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb trazirave t\u00eb shkaktuara nga dy Luft\u00ebrat e Gjirit Persik, kaosi q\u00eb pasoi rr\u00ebzimin e regjimit sunit t\u00eb Sadam Huseinit n\u00eb Irak me mb\u00ebshtetjen e SHBA-s\u00eb, si dhe kryengritjet masive n\u00eb rajon q\u00eb nis\u00ebn me Pranver\u00ebn Arabe n\u00eb vitin 2011.<\/p>\n Ndarjet sunite\u2013shiite ushqyen nj\u00eb luft\u00eb civile t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb Siri, p\u00ebrplasje n\u00eb Liban, Iran, Irak, Jemen dhe vende t\u00eb tjera, si dhe dhun\u00eb terroriste nga t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt. Nj\u00eb element i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre konflikteve \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrplasja e vazhdueshme mes Arabis\u00eb Saudite sunite dhe Iranit shiit p\u00ebr ndikim n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme t\u00eb pasur me naft\u00eb dhe rajonet p\u00ebrreth.<\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, fakti q\u00eb t\u00eb dy sektet bashk\u00ebjetuan n\u00eb paqe relative p\u00ebr shum\u00eb shekuj tregon se konfliktet e tyre mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00eb pak lidhje me fen\u00eb sesa me pasurin\u00eb dhe pushtetin.<\/p>\n “Asnj\u00ebra prej tyre nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson shumic\u00ebn d\u00ebrrmuese t\u00eb mysliman\u00ebve sunit\u00eb apo shumic\u00ebn d\u00ebrrmuese t\u00eb mysliman\u00ebve shiit\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb,” thot\u00eb Hazleton p\u00ebr regjimet fundamentaliste q\u00eb qeverisin si Arabin\u00eb Saudite ashtu edhe Iranin.<\/p>\n