{"id":91885,"date":"2025-04-27T02:00:19","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T02:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=91885"},"modified":"2025-04-27T02:00:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T02:00:19","slug":"zbulimi-i-fuqise-se-mendafshit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/zbulimi-i-fuqise-se-mendafshit\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbulimi i fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb m\u00ebndafshit"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

27 Prill 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prej dekadash, David Kaplan punon me m\u00ebndafshin, duke e shnd\u00ebrruar at\u00eb n\u00eb struktura mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse, sfungjer\u00eb dhe filma.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Universitetin Tufts, laboratori i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbushur me topa m\u00ebndafshi nga e gjith\u00eb bota. Si inxhinier biomjek\u00ebsor, Kaplan e ka studiuar m\u00ebndafshin q\u00eb nga vitet 1990, duke udh\u00ebhequr p\u00ebrdorimin e tij n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e indeve t\u00eb trupit. Por r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia mjek\u00ebsore e m\u00ebndafshit ka filluar shum\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebrpara shkenc\u00ebs moderne, mjek\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb e p\u00ebrdornin p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme urgjente sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

Forca e m\u00ebndafshit \u00ebsht\u00eb e krahasueshme me \u00e7elikun dhe ai \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike biokompatib\u00ebl, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb ideal p\u00ebr gjith\u00e7ka, nga penjt\u00eb p\u00ebr qepje te sistemet p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e ila\u00e7eve. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt sot vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb eksplorojn\u00eb potencialin e m\u00ebndafshit si material biomjek\u00ebsor shum\u00ebfunksional.<\/p>\n

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<\/ins><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Origjina e m\u00ebndafshit gjurmohet n\u00eb Kin\u00eb rreth vitit 2700 p.e.s., sipas legjend\u00ebs. Bashk\u00ebshortja e Perandorit t\u00eb Verdh\u00eb e zbuloi m\u00ebndafshin kur nj\u00eb kokon krimbi ra n\u00eb \u00e7ajin e saj dhe u tret n\u00eb l\u00ebngun e nxeht\u00eb. Ajo m\u00eb pas rriti krimbat e m\u00ebndafshit dhe i thuri fijet e tyre n\u00eb p\u00eblhur\u00eb. Edhe pse mitologjike, provat gjenetike dhe arkeologjike mb\u00ebshtesin iden\u00eb se zbutja e krimbit t\u00eb m\u00ebndafshit ka nisur 4000 deri n\u00eb 5000 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2016, arkeolog\u00ebt zbuluan gjurm\u00eb m\u00ebndafshi n\u00eb varre 8500-vje\u00e7are n\u00eb Jiahu, n\u00eb Kin\u00ebn Qendrore, duke sugjeruar p\u00ebrdorim edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb m\u00ebndafshit t\u00eb eg\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Speciet q\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb m\u00ebndafsh gjenden n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin, por krimbi i zbutur Bombyx mori \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi kryesor p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb tij bashk\u00ebpunuese. M\u00ebndafshi i merimangave mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i fort\u00eb, por merimangat jan\u00eb territoriale dhe kanibaliste, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebn t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr kultivim.<\/p>\n

Larvat e B. mori ushqehen me gjethe mani deri sa t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb fshik\u00ebza duke p\u00ebrdorur dy proteina: fibroin\u00eb (b\u00ebrthama strukturore) dhe sericin\u00ebn (veshje ngjit\u00ebse). Nj\u00eb fshik\u00ebz e vetme mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1500 metra fije m\u00ebndafshi. Zierja e fshik\u00ebzave n\u00eb tret\u00ebsir\u00eb alkaline largon sericin\u00ebn, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb fijet e fibroin\u00ebs, t\u00eb forta, biokompatib\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb biodegradueshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim mjek\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebndafshi ka ndihmuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrim q\u00eb nga koh\u00ebt e lashta. Grek\u00ebt dhe romak\u00ebt p\u00ebrdornin m\u00ebndafshin e merimangave dhe t\u00eb krimbave p\u00ebr fasha dhe qepje plag\u00ebsh. Galeni, nj\u00eb mjek romak, rekomandonte m\u00ebndafshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb qepur tendinat. Shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb, kirurgu francez Ambroise Par\u00e9 p\u00ebrdori m\u00ebndafsh p\u00ebr ndalimin e gjakderdhjes, nd\u00ebrsa kirurgu britanik Joseph Lister sterilizoi penj m\u00ebndafshi n\u00eb vitet 1860. Sot, penjt\u00eb prej m\u00ebndafshi vler\u00ebsohen p\u00ebr forc\u00ebn dhe sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjet kirurgjikale delikate.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrzgjedhja gjenetike e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb flutura B. mori t\u00eb jet\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e varur nga njer\u00ebzit. Ajo nuk mund t\u00eb fluturoj\u00eb, t\u00eb fshihet apo t\u00eb mbijetoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm, tipare q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb ideale p\u00ebr prodhim m\u00ebndafshi. Fshik\u00ebzat e tyre jan\u00eb themeli p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkime moderne mbi m\u00ebndafshin, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pun\u00ebn e Kaplanit n\u00eb \u201cshpleksjen\u201d e m\u00ebndafshit n\u00eb nj\u00eb tret\u00ebsir\u00eb fibroine t\u00eb l\u00ebngshme.<\/p>\n

Ky m\u00ebndafsh i krijuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt mund t\u00eb form\u00ebsohet n\u00eb xhel, flet\u00eb, struktura mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. N\u00eb laboratorin e Kaplan, m\u00ebndafshi p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e implanteve q\u00eb imitojn\u00eb indet njer\u00ebzore, duke mb\u00ebshtetur rritjen dhe rigjenerimin e qelizave. K\u00ebto struktura mund t\u00eb personalizohen p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket dend\u00ebsis\u00eb, forc\u00ebs dhe form\u00ebs. Pasi implantohen, ato ruajn\u00eb form\u00ebn e tyre nd\u00ebrsa indet e trupit i z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb gradualisht. Sipas shkenc\u00ebtarit t\u00eb biomaterialeve Chris Holland, m\u00ebndafshi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar pothuajse \u00e7do pjes\u00eb t\u00eb trupit t\u00eb njeriut, nga syt\u00eb te dh\u00ebmb\u00ebt dhe ligamentet.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb bashku me kolegun Fiorenzo Omenetto, Kaplan ka dizajnuar nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb m\u00ebndafshi p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebruar kornet e d\u00ebmtuara t\u00eb syve, e holl\u00eb, transparente dhe q\u00eb lejon frym\u00ebmarrjen. Projekte t\u00eb tjera eksplorojn\u00eb rolin e m\u00ebndafshit n\u00eb riparimin e kockave dhe en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut, rigjenerimin e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs dhe rritjen e k\u00ebrceve. Nj\u00eb produkt i till\u00eb, SilkVoice, u miratua nga FDA n\u00eb vitin 2018 p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar kordhat vokale t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara.<\/p>\n

Dobia e m\u00ebndafshit shtrihet p\u00ebrtej plag\u00ebve. N\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, ushtar\u00ebt mongol\u00eb dhe kinez\u00eb vishnin m\u00ebndafsh n\u00ebn parzmore. N\u00ebse goditeshin nga shigjetat, p\u00eblhura mb\u00ebshtillej rreth maj\u00ebs s\u00eb shigjet\u00ebs, duke leht\u00ebsuar heqjen dhe reduktuar d\u00ebmtimin. Kjo veti mbrojt\u00ebse vlen edhe n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsin\u00eb moderne, m\u00ebndafshi nd\u00ebrvepron but\u00ebsisht me sistemin imunitar dhe shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhet pa shkaktuar inflamacion.<\/p>\n

Zgjidhjet me m\u00ebndafsh mund t\u00eb rregullohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes. Disa implante shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb; t\u00eb tjera zgjasin nj\u00eb vit, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb aditiv\u00ebve. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrmbushin ato me antibiotik\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar infeksionet. Ky material gjithashtu vepron si konservues natyral, duke mbrojtur mostra gjaku dhe vaksina.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga shpikjet m\u00eb novatore t\u00eb Kaplanit \u00ebsht\u00eb MIMIX, nj\u00eb ngjit\u00ebs mikrogjilp\u00ebrash prej m\u00ebndafshi p\u00ebr vaksina me l\u00ebshim t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb. Mikrogjilp\u00ebrat, t\u00eb form\u00ebsuara nga m\u00ebndafsh i p\u00ebrzier me vaksin\u00eb, shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhen n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb, duke ofruar nj\u00eb doz\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrgjigjen imune dhe duke reduktuar efektet an\u00ebsore. Struktura molekulare e m\u00ebndafshit gjithashtu stabilizon medikamente t\u00eb tjera, duke i mbrojtur nga uji dhe degradimi deri sa t\u00eb nevojiten.<\/p>\n

Kur Kaplan filloi t\u00eb studionte p\u00ebrdorimet mjek\u00ebsore t\u00eb m\u00ebndafshit, k\u00ebrkimet ishin t\u00eb kufizuara vet\u00ebm n\u00eb penjt\u00eb. Sot, mij\u00ebra studime eksplorojn\u00eb potencialin e tij t\u00eb pafund. Kaplan dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb inovojn\u00eb, duke testuar sisteme shp\u00ebrndarjeje ila\u00e7esh, trajtime p\u00ebr djegie dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nga Kina e lasht\u00eb deri n\u00eb laborator\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb sot\u00ebm, m\u00ebndafshi \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar bashk\u00eb me vet\u00eb mjek\u00ebsin\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, krimbat e m\u00ebndafshit dhe fshik\u00ebza e tyre mbeten t\u00eb pandryshuara, t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosura nga mij\u00ebra vite zbutjeje. \u201cKy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i provuar dhe i testuar i bioprodhimit,\u201d thot\u00eb Holland. P\u00ebrzierja e q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb, p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe biokompatibilitetit t\u00eb m\u00ebndafshit garanton vendin e tij n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, e endur, fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb, nga fijet e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

27 Prill 2025 Prej dekadash, David Kaplan punon me m\u00ebndafshin, duke e shnd\u00ebrruar at\u00eb n\u00eb struktura mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse, sfungjer\u00eb dhe filma. N\u00eb Universitetin Tufts, laboratori i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbushur me topa m\u00ebndafshi nga e gjith\u00eb bota. Si inxhinier biomjek\u00ebsor, Kaplan e ka studiuar m\u00ebndafshin q\u00eb nga vitet 1990, duke udh\u00ebhequr p\u00ebrdorimin e tij n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":91886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27,1,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogu-i-udhetarit","category-njoftime-shtypi","category-press-releases"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/auto_shutterstock_17376473811745583168.jpg?fit=900%2C557&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-nU1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":101752,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/kerkohet-doreheqja-e-kryeministrit-hajdut-jo-e-donald-trumpit\/","url_meta":{"origin":91885,"position":0},"title":"K\u00ebrkohet dor\u00ebheqja e kryeministrit hajdut, jo e Donald Trumpit","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 24, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"24 Qershor 2024 Nga: lir Dako Fjalimi i i Ram\u00ebs nuk ishte nj\u00eb akt komunikimi politik, por nj\u00eb seanc\u00eb vet\u00ebmbrojtjeje. Ai nuk foli p\u00ebr vendin, por p\u00ebr veten Dit\u00ebn e djeshme kryeministri shqiptar n\u00eb nj\u00eb or\u00eb e ca fjalim p\u00ebrball\u00eb deputet\u00ebve socialist\u00eb, por dhe publikut shqiptar rr\u00ebfeu panikun dhe frik\u00ebn\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/BCO.e9f82224-1f6e-45fd-a51f-c26e5eed10f6-1024x570-1.png?fit=1024%2C570&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/BCO.e9f82224-1f6e-45fd-a51f-c26e5eed10f6-1024x570-1.png?fit=1024%2C570&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/BCO.e9f82224-1f6e-45fd-a51f-c26e5eed10f6-1024x570-1.png?fit=1024%2C570&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/BCO.e9f82224-1f6e-45fd-a51f-c26e5eed10f6-1024x570-1.png?fit=1024%2C570&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":101258,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/edi-rama-i-rri-qeverise-si-zhele-e-zgjyrosur-gabi-pas-13-vitesh-pushtet-te-degraduar\/","url_meta":{"origin":91885,"position":1},"title":"Edi Rama i rri qeveris\u00eb si zhele e zgjyrosur gabi pas 13 vitesh pushtet t\u00eb degraduar","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 8, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"8 Qershor 2026 Nga: Ilir Dako Pas 13 vitesh pushtet ka filluar t\u00eb ndihet degradimi i Edi Ram\u00ebs n\u00eb raport me qeverisjen dhe realitetin. K\u00ebto dit\u00eb protestash, kryeministri shqiptar ka filluar t\u00eb flas\u00eb me engj\u00ebjt dhe po manifeston qartazi degradimin e tij mental si nj\u00eb personazh q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb nj\u00eb\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Njoftime Shtypi"","block_context":{"text":"Njoftime Shtypi","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/njoftime-shtypi\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/edi-rama.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/edi-rama.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/edi-rama.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/edi-rama.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/edi-rama.jpg?fit=1200%2C785&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":100700,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/robert-papa-i-plas-skandalet-edi-rames-nga-pazari-8-milione-euro-per-blerjen-e-ps-te-fatos-nano-miliardat-e\/","url_meta":{"origin":91885,"position":2},"title":"Robert Papa i plas skandalet Edi Ram\u00ebs, nga pazari 8 milion\u00eb euro p\u00ebr blerjen e PS te Fatos Nano, miliardat e\u2026","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 27, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"27 Maji 2026 Gazetari Robert Papa ka hedhur akuza t\u00eb forta ndaj kryeministrit Edi Rama gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb analize n\u00eb emisionin \u201cFokus\u201d, ku foli p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb e cil\u00ebsoi si \u201cplan i err\u00ebt\u201d i kreut t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00ebt. 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