{"id":91799,"date":"2025-04-24T22:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T22:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=91799"},"modified":"2025-04-25T01:02:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T01:02:09","slug":"sinagogat-e-lashta-ne-izrael-kishin-mozaike-pagane-cfare-do-te-thoshte-kjo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/sinagogat-e-lashta-ne-izrael-kishin-mozaike-pagane-cfare-do-te-thoshte-kjo\/","title":{"rendered":"Sinagogat e lashta n\u00eb Izrael kishin mozaik\u00eb pagan\u00eb: \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte kjo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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24 Prill 2025<\/p>\n

Zbulimet arkeologjike t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Izrael kan\u00eb sfiduar supozimet e kahershme p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn hebraike pas shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb Tempullit t\u00eb Dyt\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 70 t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb. Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7antat \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mozaik i zbukuruar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb nj\u00eb sinagog\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit V n\u00eb Huqoq t\u00eb Galiles\u00eb, i cili p\u00ebrfshin skena biblike, imazhe pagane dhe madje edhe nj\u00eb elefant, nj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb jo vendase n\u00eb rajon dhe e p\u00ebrmendur rrall\u00eb n\u00eb Bibl\u00ebn Hebraike.<\/p>\n

G\u00ebrmimet n\u00eb Huqoq, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequra nga profesorja Jodi Magness nga Universiteti i Karolin\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut, zbuluan mozaik\u00eb q\u00eb ishin ruajtur n\u00ebn nj\u00eb sinagog\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vonshme, t\u00eb shekullit XIV. Veprat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Samsonin q\u00eb mbart portat e Gaz\u00ebs, spiun\u00ebt e Moisiut me rrushin, Jon\u00ebn q\u00eb g\u00eblltitet nga tre peshq, si dhe imazhe jo biblike si per\u00ebndia e diellit Helios, shenjat e zodiakut dhe nj\u00eb sken\u00eb beteje q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb Aleksandrin e Madh ose Hasmoneasit. K\u00ebto imazhe ngren\u00eb dy pyetje: Si mbijetuan dhe lul\u00ebzuan komunitetet hebraike n\u00ebn sundimin romako-kristian? Dhe si pajtohen k\u00ebto imazhe me ndalimin e Dhjet\u00eb Urdh\u00ebresave p\u00ebr idhujt?<\/p>\n

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Historikisht, besohej se hebrenjt\u00eb pas Tempullit ishin pakic\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb. Por zbulime si ajo n\u00eb Huqoq dhe t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Galile sugjerojn\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. Edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb q\u00eb zakonisht shihet si shtyp\u00ebse, kur Perandoria Romake kishte p\u00ebrqafuar krishterimin, disa komunitete hebraike ishin qart\u00ebsisht t\u00eb pasura, duke investuar n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesa fetare t\u00eb zbukuruara me art q\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurte temat hebraike me ndikime greko-romake.<\/p>\n

Ky fenomen nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i panjohur p\u00ebr studiuesit. N\u00eb vitin 1856, arkeologu biblik Edward Robinson u mahnit nga madh\u00ebshtia e sinagogave t\u00eb lashta n\u00eb Bar\u2019am, n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Galiles\u00eb. Ai theksoi p\u00ebrmasat dhe zbukurimet si shenja t\u00eb nj\u00eb komuniteti t\u00eb lul\u00ebzuar, duke kund\u00ebrshtuar imazhin e hebrenjve si t\u00eb shtypur. V\u00ebzhgimet e tij sinjalizuan nj\u00eb boshll\u00ebk prej 1800 vjet\u00ebsh n\u00eb historin\u00eb e kuptuar t\u00eb jet\u00ebs hebraike n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Izraelit, nga Jozefi Flavi n\u00eb shekullin e par\u00eb, deri te historian\u00ebt modern\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIX\u2013XX.<\/p>\n

Deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit XX, ishin zbuluar mbi 100 vende sinagogash pas-Tempullit n\u00eb Izrael, shum\u00eb prej tyre me mozaik\u00eb figurativ\u00eb dhe imazhe pagane. I pari u gjet n\u00eb Na\u2019aran pran\u00eb Jerikos n\u00eb vitin 1918, pas nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimi artilerie gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr zbulim madhor ndodhi n\u00eb vitin 1928 n\u00eb Beit Alpha, ku mozaik\u00ebt paraqesin lidhjen e Isakut dhe nj\u00eb rrot\u00eb zodiaku me Heliosin n\u00eb qend\u00ebr. Pavar\u00ebsisht bindjes se hebrenjt\u00eb shmangnin imazhet, k\u00ebto mozaik\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se judaizmi i antikitetit t\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb Izrael e kishte pranuar nj\u00ebfar\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi t\u00eb artit figurativ.<\/p>\n

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Prania e k\u00ebtyre imazheve kuptohet m\u00eb mir\u00eb brenda kontekstit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb greko-romake, ku arti dhe simbolika ishin kudo. Profesori Lee Levine, n\u00eb librin Judaismi dhe Helenizmi n\u00eb Antikitet, argumenton se jasht\u00eb Jerusalemit, shumica e komuniteteve hebraike jetonin n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb rrethuar nga statuja dhe art figurativ. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ambient, q\u00ebndrimi i hebrenjve ndaj imazheve ishte m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl sesa mendohej.<\/p>\n

Lideri rabinik Rabani Gamliel, p\u00ebr shembull, pranonte artin figurativ n\u00ebse nuk p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr idhujtari. Por kjo ngrinte pyetje praktike, si p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrkulur gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebve t\u00eb agj\u00ebrimit p\u00ebrball\u00eb mozaik\u00ebve me simbole pagane n\u00eb dyshemet\u00eb e sinagogave?<\/p>\n

Jasht\u00eb Izraelit, tendenca t\u00eb ngjashme u shfaq\u00ebn. Sinagoga e Dura-Europos, nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb vitin 244 n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet ushtarak romak pran\u00eb Eufratit, kishte pothuajse 100 skena biblike t\u00eb pikturuara n\u00eb muret e saj. Edhe pse i mungonin simbolet e zodiakut, ndante me sinagogat izraelite nj\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb pasur t\u00eb tregimit vizual. Zbuluar n\u00eb vitet 1930, arti i saj u zhvendos n\u00eb Muzeun Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Damaskut, p\u00ebrpara se sinagoga t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrohej m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb, arti figurativ lul\u00ebzoi s\u00ebrish n\u00eb sinagogat prej druri t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Lindore gjat\u00eb shekujve XVI dhe XVII, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Komonuelthin Polako-Lituanez. Sinagoga e Wolp\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb tjera kishin piktura t\u00eb gjalla murale dhe tavanore, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb shenjat e zodiakut dhe imazhe kafsh\u00ebsh. Sinagoga e Gwo\u017adziec, n\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebn e sotme, dallohej p\u00ebr bukurin\u00eb e saj. E shkat\u00ebrruar nga nazist\u00ebt, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar dhe sot ekspozohet n\u00eb Muzeun POLIN n\u00eb Varshav\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Mbijetesa e k\u00ebtij arti n\u00ebp\u00ebr shekuj pasqyron nj\u00eb tem\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb historin\u00eb hebraike: balanc\u00ebn mes ruajtjes s\u00eb identitetit fetar dhe nd\u00ebrveprimit me kulturat p\u00ebrreth. Pavar\u00ebsisht urdh\u00ebrimeve kund\u00ebr imazheve t\u00eb gdhendura, komunitetet hebraike i kan\u00eb interpretuar dhe zbatuar k\u00ebto ligje n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme, var\u00ebsisht nga konteksti historik.<\/p>\n