{"id":740,"date":"2018-01-08T21:42:12","date_gmt":"2018-01-08T21:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=740"},"modified":"2018-01-08T23:28:49","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T23:28:49","slug":"ballkani-nga-legjendat-te-paragjykimet-e-sotme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/ballkani-nga-legjendat-te-paragjykimet-e-sotme\/","title":{"rendered":"Ballkani: Nga legjendat te paragjykimet e sotme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim me Ballkanin q\u00eb nga legjenda deri \u00a0te paragjykimet e sotme mbi ne, vendin dhe rajonin ku jetojm\u00eb<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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Nga: Ledia Dushi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po e nis nga legjenda, ajo flet p\u0451r koh\u0451n kur per\u0451ndit\u0451 dhe njer\u0451zit komunikonin. At\u0451here Agenori mbreti i fenikasve d\u0451rgoi djalin e tij Kadmin t\u0451 gjente t\u0451 motr\u0451n, Evrop\u0451n t\u0451 cil\u0451n e kishte rr\u0451mbyer Zeusi. Ai nuk e gjeti dot por, edhe pa t\u0451 nuk u kthye tek i ati. Ndaloi n\u0451 Beoti dhe themeloi Teb\u0451n. U martua me Harmonin\u0451, t\u0451 bij\u0451n e Per\u0451ndis\u0451 s\u0451 Luft\u0451s, Aresit dhe Per\u0451ndesh\u0451s Af\u0451rdita. Lind\u0451n nj\u0451 djal\u0451, Illyriosit i cili me urdhrin e Profetit u b\u0451 mbret i Enkelejve dhe mbret\u0451roi nj\u0451 hap\u0451sir\u0451 t\u0451 madhe me emrin Iliri. Kadmi dhe Harmonia, thot\u0451 legjenda, u kthyen n\u0451 gjarp\u0451rinj n\u0451 mbrojtje t\u0451 tok\u0451s ku djali i tyre mbret\u0451ronte. Shum\u0451 dijetar\u0451 shkruan m\u0451 von\u0451 p\u0451r k\u0451t\u0451 vend i cili \u0451sht\u0451 i vjet\u0451r sa vet\u0451 jeta. Ai u vesh me legjenda me vler\u0451sime p\u0451r njer\u0451zit q\u0451 jetonin aty. Nj\u0451 vend i mbushur me male, gryka e hone, q\u0451 n\u0451 per\u0451ndim binin thuajse pingul mbi detin Adriatik dhe pastaj duke ecur drejt jugut cop\u0451tohen n\u0451 shum\u0451 ishuj n\u0451 disa dete, n\u0451 t\u0451 cil\u0451t ka marr\u0451 jet\u0451 nj\u0451 periudh\u0451 nism\u0451tare e historis\u0451 njer\u0451zore. Nga veriu me Alpet Lindore dhe Drav\u0451n duke kaluar n\u0451 lindje me Danubin, Morav\u0451n dhe Vardarin duke zbritur ngadal\u0451 n\u0451 rrafshnalta e pastaj n\u0451 fusha t\u0451 mrekullueshme deri n\u0451 Danubin e legjendave.<\/p>\n

\u201cBallkan\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb fjal\u0451 q\u0451 ka hyr\u0451 n\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 vend me ardhjen e turqve osman\u0451. M\u0451 s\u0451 shumti fjalor\u0451t osman\u0451 dhe turq e shtjellojn\u0451 si \u201cmal\u201d ose \u201cmasiv malor\u201d, si \u201cpyll i dendur\u201d ose \u201cvend i thyer shk\u0451mbor\u201d, \u0451sht\u0451 fjala p\u0451r malet q\u0451 ndajn\u0451 Bullgarin\u0451 nga Rumania e cila m\u0451 von\u0451 ka marr\u0451 kuptimin e maleve q\u0451 lidhin Detin e Zi me at\u0451 Adriatik. Megjith\u0451se nga persishtja \u201cBalaa-Khaana\u201d do t\u0451 thot\u0451, \u201csht\u0451pi e madhe\u201d, \u201ce lart\u0451\u201d ose \u201ckrenare\u201d, nuk p\u0451rb\u0451n hipotez\u0451 q\u0451 ky em\u0451rtim t\u0451 jet\u0451 paraosman. Sh\u0451nojm\u0451 se fjala \u201cBallkan\u201d ka kuptimin e p\u0451rgjithsh\u0451m t\u0451 malit sepse shpesh p\u0451rdoret me mbiemra shtes\u0451, si p.sh. shpatet lindore t\u0451 masivit malor q\u0451 zbresin drejt Detit t\u0451 Zi, quhen \u201cEmine-Ballkan\u201d, masivi malor njihet me emrin \u201cKoxha-Ballkan\u201d (mal i madh), ose \u201cKy\u00e7yk-Ballkan\u201d (mal i vog\u0451l), etj.<\/p>\n

P\u0451r her\u0451 t\u0451 par\u0451 emri \u201cBallkan\u201d u p\u0451rdor n\u0451 Per\u0451ndim p\u0451r vargmalet n\u0451 Bullgari n\u0451 nj\u0451 let\u0451r t\u0451 Buonaccorsi Callimarco, nj\u0451 humanist italian, shkrimtar e diplomat, n\u0451 vitin 1490.<\/p>\n

Si entitet i dalluesh\u0451m gjeografik, kulturor e social, Ballkani \u201cu zbulua\u201d nga udh\u0451tar\u0451 dhe studiues nga fundi i shekullit t\u0451 XVIII-t\u0451, dhe ve\u00e7an\u0451risht n\u0451 shekullin e XIX-t\u0451 kur filluan t\u0451 p\u0451rvijohen shtetet-komb n\u0451 p\u0451rplasje t\u0451 rrept\u0451 nd\u0451rmjet tyre dhe me nj\u0451ri-tjetrin.<\/p>\n

Koncepti i \u201cGadishullit ballkanik\u201d u krijua nga gjeografi gjerman August Zeune, n\u0451 vitin 1808.<\/p>\n

Para k\u0451tij em\u0451rtimi ka patur em\u0451rtime t\u0451 tjera q\u0451 vijn\u0451 nga thell\u0451sia e shekujve. Ndoshta m\u0451 i vjetri q\u0451 njihet \u0451sht\u0451 \u201cHaemus\u201d p\u0451r romak\u0451t dhe \u201cEmus\u201d p\u0451r grek\u0451t e lasht\u0451. Mendohet se nga ky em\u0451r duhet t\u0451 ket\u0451 ardhur edhe \u201cEmine Ballkan\u201d, i p\u0451rkthyer fjal\u0451 p\u0451r fjal\u0451 \u201cmali Haemus\u201d, nga Haemus n\u0451 fjal\u0451n bizantine \u201cAimos\u201d, \u201cEmmon\u201d dhe nga \u201cEmmona\u201d, osman\u0451t nxor\u0451n fjal\u0451n e tyre \u201cEmine\u201d.<\/p>\n

Plini thot\u0451 se mbreti Filip, babai i Aleksandrit iu ngjit malit \u201cHaemus\u201d, 6000 k\u0451mb\u0451 t\u0451 lart\u0451 n\u0451 4 dit\u0451 dhe zbriti n\u0451 dy dit\u0451 dhe se nga aty shihet Danubi, Deti i Zi dhe Deti Adriatik. Ka patur edhe em\u0451rtesa t\u0451 tjera si Albanus, Skardus si dhe em\u0451rtime t\u0451 tjera q\u0451 kan\u0451 t\u0451 b\u0451jn\u0451 me popuj t\u0451 ndrysh\u0451m q\u0451 u vendos\u0451n pran\u0451 k\u0451tyre maleve ose kaluan n\u0451p\u0451r to si: \u201cStara Planina\u201d q\u0451 n\u0451 bullgarisht do t\u0451 thot\u0451 \u201cmal i vjet\u0451r\u201d, e n\u0451 sllavisht \u201cKomonic\u201d si dhe \u0451sht\u0451 quajtur \u201cAmion to oros\u201d q\u0451 do t\u0451 thot\u0451 \u201cmali i argjendt\u0451\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duke u nisur nga Herodoti mund t\u0451 themi se ka mbizot\u0451ruar ideja se Haemus \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 vargmal madh\u0451shtor q\u0451 shtrihet nga Adriatiku n\u0451 Detin e Zi. Disa nga gadishujt n\u0451 Evrop\u0451 kan\u0451 marr\u0451 emrat e maleve si Apeninet, Pirenejve (Iberik) etj., edhe ky gadishull e mori emrin nga malet Ballkan. Sigurisht tashm\u0451 me Malet Ballkan filluan t\u0451 p\u0451rcaktohen Alpet Dinarike deri tek Pindi dhe Peleponezi si dhe n\u0451 deg\u0451n tjet\u0451r nga mali Ballkan dhe Rodopet. M\u00eb n\u0451 veri \u0451sht\u0451 harku i Karpateve ku n\u0451 jug-per\u0451ndim t\u0451 tyre Danubi kalon n\u0451 portat e hekurta ku \u201cshtylla\u201d tjet\u0451r \u0451sht\u0451 n\u00eb malet Ballkan.<\/p>\n

P\u0451rcaktimi \u201cGadishull Ballkanik\u201d kishte m\u0451 s\u0451 shumti kuptim politik se sa gjeografik dhe mori autor\u0451sin\u0451 pas Kongresit t\u0451 Berlinit t\u0451 vitit 1878. Duke kaluar nga epoka e lasht\u0451sis\u0451 e deri ne mesjet\u0451, ai u njoh si \u201cHelenik\u201d, \u201cIlir\u201d, \u201cDardan\u201d, \u201cTrakas\u201d etj. Studiues t\u0451 ndrysh\u0451m e em\u0451rtojn\u0451 si \u201cEvropa Juglindore\u201d, \u201cTurqia Evropiane\u201d, \u201cGadishulli Oriental\u201d, \u201cGadishulli Sllavojugor\u201d, \u201cTurqia Evropiane\u201d etj., q\u0451 jan\u0451 kryesisht burime turke. Fillimisht p\u0451rcaktohej si i kufizuar n\u0451 lindje nga Danubi, por mbeti vet\u0451m nj\u0451 kuptim kalimtar gjeografik, sepse n\u0451 kuptimin politik p\u0451rfshinte edhe Rumanin\u0451.<\/p>\n

Duket sikur Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 refren i p\u0451rhersh\u0451m i t\u0451 qenit n\u0451 mes, duke filluar nga t\u0451 qenit pjes\u0451 e per\u0451ndimit apo mburoj\u0451 e per\u0451ndimit, pjes\u0451 e lindjes apo viktim\u0451 e saj, shoq\u0451ri bashk\u00ebkohore apo ur\u0451 historike, e p\u0451rb\u0451r\u0451 nga komunitete apo kombe, luft\u0451tar\u0451 apo civil\u0451, sedentar\u0451 apo nomad\u0451, etj. Nga ana tjet\u0451r, duket sikur Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 konceptuar si nj\u0451 hendek nd\u0451rmjet lindjes dhe per\u0451ndimit, duke nd\u0451rtuar imazhin e nj\u0451 ure q\u0451 e ka t\u0451 v\u0451shtir\u0451 t\u0451 kryej\u0451 rolin e saj, e k\u0451shtu kthehet m\u0451 s\u0451 shumti n\u0451 nj\u0451 udh\u0451kryq, gj\u0451 q\u0451 e vendos k\u0451t\u0451 rajon n\u0451 turbullir\u0451n e stadeve t\u0451 zhvillimit duke i veshur etiketime si, \u201cgjysm\u00eb i zhvilluar\u201d, \u201cgjysm\u00eb-kolonial\u201d, \u201cgjysm\u00eb-per\u0451ndimor\u201d, \u201cgjysm\u00eb-oriental\u201d.<\/p>\n

E vendosur n\u0451 dihotomin\u0451 lindje \u2013 per\u0451ndim, e cila sa i p\u0451rket zhvillimit ka ndryshuar kahje, fjala vjen, p\u0451r Bizantin, per\u0451ndimi ishte \u201cbarbar\u201d, nd\u0451rsa m\u0451 pas u konsiderua lindja si \u201cbarbare\u201d; p\u0451r t\u0451 huajt shpesh fjala \u201cballkan\u201d \u0451sht\u0451 e barazvlefshme me fjal\u0451n \u201cjo evropian\u201d. Ajo q\u0451 duhet th\u0451n\u0451 \u0451sht\u0451 se, Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 aq kompleks sa \u0451sht\u0451 shum\u0451 e v\u0451shtir\u0451 p\u0451r t`u rrokur si nj\u0451 i t\u0451r\u0451. Por nj\u0451 gj\u0451 \u0451sht\u0451 e sigurt, Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 pjes\u0451 e Evrop\u0451s. Evropa k\u0451tu ka filluar, pik\u0451risht n\u0451 hap\u0451sir\u0451n ku, ashtu si\u00e7 njihet, fillon edhe historia e bot\u0451s.<\/p>\n

N\u0451 vitin 1901 n\u0451 librin \u201cNj\u0451zet vjet ngat\u0451rresa ballkanike\u201d, Zonja Durham nd\u0451rton nj\u0451 dialog me nj\u0451 njeri q\u0451 e informonte, i cili i tronditur shprehet, \u201cnjeriu ose duhet t\u0451 dashuroj\u0451 ose t\u0451 urrej\u0451\u201d, dhe m\u0451 posht\u0451 v\u0451 n\u0451 dukje, \u201csepse i till\u0451 \u0451sht\u0451 njeriu ballkanas, qoft\u0451 grek, serb, bullgar apo shqiptar, i krishter\u0451 apo mysliman\u201d. Duke provuar t\u0451 nd\u0451rtoj\u0451 nj\u0451 nocion si \u201cHomo Ballkanikus\u201d, profesoresha bullgare Maria Todorova merr si baz\u0451 Baj Ganjon, t\u00eb mbiquajtur \u201cballkanski\u201d i Aleko Konstandinovit.<\/p>\n

Libri i tij titullohet, \u201cRr\u0451fenja t\u0451 pabesueshme mbi nj\u0451 bullgar bashk\u00ebkohor\u201d, i cili ndoshta mund t\u0451 jet\u0451 libri i vet\u0451m q\u00eb e njeh \u00e7do bullgar. \u0401sht\u0451 i p\u0451raf\u0451rt me Shvejkun apo Tartarinin e Taraskonit. Ai nd\u0451rron nj\u0451 qyrk turk me nj\u0451 mantel belg dhe pretendon se \u0451sht\u0451 b\u0451r\u0451 evropian. N\u0451 krye \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u00eb njeri i ndersh\u0451m i cili p\u0451r evropian\u00ebt \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 lolo i \u00e7uditsh\u0451m nga nj\u0451 provinc\u0451 ballkanase, si t\u0451 themi, nj\u0451 sjellje qytetare e sip\u0451rfaqshme, pa i njohur vlerat e mir\u0451fillta t\u0451 qytetaris\u0451. Pasi kthehet tek t\u0451 vet\u0451t ai b\u0451het nj\u0451 njeri i rreziksh\u0451m duke u shfaqur si nj\u0451 politikan q\u0451 k\u0451rkon t\u0451 kontrolloj\u0451 situat\u0451n.<\/p>\n

K\u0451shtu ngjet edhe me zotin Filimon, personazhi rumun i krijuar nga shqiptari Viktor Eftimiu, apo personazhi i Kazanzaqisit, fort i k\u0451ndshmi Aleksis Zorbas. Shum\u0451 studiues kan\u0451 provuar t\u0451 nd\u0451rtojn\u0451 nj\u0451 tip, si t\u0451 themi, ballkanas, dhe n\u0451 shum\u0451 pika sikur p\u0451rputhen n\u0451 p\u00ebrcaktimet e tyre. T\u0451 gjith\u0451 b\u0451jn\u0451 nj\u0451 ndarje, si t\u0451 themi, n\u0451 pjes\u0451n fshatare q\u0451 n\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si e paraqesin serioz, pun\u0451tor, t\u0451 thjesht\u0451, bestyt e mesjetar kok\u0451 e k\u0451mb\u0451 dhe n\u0451 at\u0451 q\u0451 po e quajm\u0451 pjes\u0451n qytetare ku ai molepset leht\u0451 nga jeta e shthurur e qytetit, ku i p\u0451lqen t\u0451 fitoj\u0451 nj\u0451 jetes\u0451 sa m\u0451 t\u0451 mir\u0451, pa pyetur p\u0451r mjetet, e mund\u0451sisht n\u0451 m\u0451nyr\u0451n m\u0451 t\u0451 leht\u0451 q\u0451 t\u0451 jet\u0451 e mundur. M\u0451 duhet t\u0451 shtoj n\u0451 m\u0451nyr\u0451 t\u0451 ve\u00e7ant\u0451 nj\u0451 p\u0451rcaktim q\u0451 i mir\u0451njohuri Montanelli b\u0451n p\u0451r mal\u0451sor\u0451t shqiptar\u0451 kur thot\u0451, \u201cmal\u0451sori shqiptar q\u0451kur lind hedh kandidatur\u0451n p\u0451r t\u2019u b\u0451r\u0451 i pavdeksh\u0451m\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u0451 gjitha k\u0451to jan\u0451 p\u0451rpjekje p\u0451r t\u0451 nd\u0451rtuar nj\u0451 tip ballkanas, por si\u00e7 thash\u0451 m\u0451 lart, Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 aq kompleks sa \u0451sht\u0451 shum\u0451 e v\u0451shtir\u0451 p\u0451r t\u2019u rrokur si nj\u0451 i t\u0451r\u0451. Sigurisht kombet q\u0451 e p\u0451rb\u0451jn\u0451 at\u0451 kan\u0451 ndikuar tek nj\u0451ri-tjetri, por un\u0451 mendoj se kan\u0451 ruajtur dhe karakteristika q\u0451 i dallojn\u0451 nga nj\u0451ri-tjetri.<\/p>\n

Do d\u0451shiroja q\u0451 lexuesi, si t\u0451 themi, \u201ct\u0451 sh\u0451tis\u0451\u201d sa m\u0451 shum\u0451 q\u0451 t\u0451 jet\u0451 e mundur me dijet dhe fantazin\u0451 e tij n\u0451 koh\u0451n p\u0451r t\u0451 cil\u0451n do t\u0451 flasim. M\u0451 lart paraqit\u0451m nj\u0451 tendenc\u0451 p\u0451r t\u0451 p\u0451rcaktuar nj\u0451 tip t\u0451 shekullit t\u0451 XIX\u2013t\u0451, por Ballkani nuk fillon n\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 shekull, k\u0451shtu q\u0451 edhe ballkanasit jan\u0451 po aq t\u0451 vjet\u0451r sa \u00e7\u2019\u0451sht\u0451 historia e njer\u0451zimit. Sigurisht, nuk quheshin ballkanas por jetuan n\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 vend. Popujt m\u0451 t\u0451 lasht\u0451 t\u0451 k\u0451saj treve, gj\u0451 q\u0451 e pranojn\u0451 thuajse t\u0451 gjith\u0451 studiuesit, jan\u0451 grek\u0451t dhe iliro-shqiptar\u0451t. Ata gjenden k\u0451tu q\u0451 nga mij\u0451vje\u00e7ari i dyt\u0451 Para Krishtit. Rumun\u0451t i p\u0451rkasin fundit t\u0451 mij\u0451vje\u00e7arit t\u0451 dyt\u0451.<\/p>\n

M\u0451 von\u0451 erdh\u0451n trak\u0451t q\u0451 u romanizuan pa krijuar kurr\u0451 nj\u0451 shtet t\u0451 tyrin. N\u0451 shekullin e VI-t\u0451 e t\u0451 VII-t\u0451 Pas Krishtit erdh\u0451n sllav\u0451t, t\u0451 cil\u0451t p\u0451rb\u0451jn\u0451 kontigjentin m\u0451 t\u0451 r\u0451nd\u0451sish\u0451m t\u0451 dyndjeve. Shekulli i VII-t\u0451 sh\u0451non ardhjen e protobullgar\u0451ve, q\u0451 megjith\u0451se i mund\u0451n, sllav\u0451t u asimiluan prej tyre. Bullgar\u0451t arrit\u0451n q\u0451 n\u0451 vitin 681 t\u0451 detyrojn\u0451 Bizantin t\u0451 pranoj\u0451 mbret\u0451rin\u0451 e tyre. N\u0451 shekullin e XIV-t\u0451 t\u0451 gjith\u0451 k\u0451ta vende e popuj u pushtuan nga turqit t\u0451 cil\u0451t, me gjith\u0451 luft\u0451n e tyre, nuk arrit\u0451n t\u0451 p\u0451rmbysin ekuilibrat e m\u0451parsh\u0451m. N\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 koh\u0451 nj\u0451 rol shum\u0451 t\u0451 r\u0451nd\u0451sish\u0451m e deri vendimtar mori feja e cila u konsiderua si ngat\u0451rresa m\u0451 e madhe n\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 mozaik popujsh.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht Teodosi \u0451sht\u0451 ai q\u0451 vendosi kufirin nd\u0451rmjet dy kishave, madje filluan t\u00eb formoheshin edhe kishat autoqefale si, e Bullgaris\u0451 dhe e Serbis\u0451. Pushtimi osman, megjith\u0451se i bazuar n\u0451 nj\u0451 ideologji t\u0451 fort\u0451 fetare, nuk u shoq\u0451rua me konvertime t\u0451 detyrueshme. T\u0451 par\u0451t q\u0451 u konvertuan ishin Bogomil\u0451t. M\u0451 von\u0451, n\u0451 shekullin e XVII-t\u0451 u zhvilluan popullsi myslimane n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri, Bullgari e Maqedoni. Pati edhe vendosje kolon\u0451sh si n\u0451 Maqedoni, Dobruxha, Bullgari dhe n\u0451 nj\u0451si m\u0451 t\u0451 vogla dhe n\u0451 vende t\u0451 tjera. Feja n\u0451 disa vende ishte kaq e fort\u0451 sa ndryshimeve etno-linguistike sikur u fark\u0451tuan me ndryshimet fetare duke nd\u0451rhyr\u0451 n\u0451 identitet komb\u0451tar. Kjo b\u0451ri q\u0451 kryetar\u0451t e feve t\u0451 kthehen n\u0451 administrator\u0451 dhe p\u0451rgjegj\u0451s t\u0451 bashk\u0451sive t\u0451 tyre. Kjo gj\u0451 b\u0451ri q\u0451 binomi fe dhe komb t\u0451 jet\u0451 nj\u0451 e i pandar\u0451.<\/p>\n

Fillimisht duket sikur Ballkani u ndikua nga kultura Greke deri sa arriti q\u0451 Aleksandri p\u0451r her\u0451 t\u0451 par\u0451 n\u0451 histori t\u0451 kishte t\u0451 bashkuar n\u0451 nj\u0451 pushtet t\u0451 gjith\u0451 Ballkanin. Ndikimi i dyt\u0451 i fuqish\u0451m ishte p\u0451rfshirja e tij n\u0451 Imperium Romanum. Ndryshimi i tret\u0451 i fuqish\u0451m ndodhi p\u0451r arsye t\u0451 ardhjes s\u0451 sllav\u0451ve. Kishte nj\u0451 ndryshim t\u0451 thell\u0451, ata nuk erdh\u0451n thjesht si pushtues, por p\u0451rzun\u0451 me forc\u0451 banor\u0451t vendas duke i dyndur n\u0451 male dhe bregdet dhe formuan territore t\u0451 tyre duke b\u0451r\u0451 shnd\u0451rrim etnik, gj\u0451 q\u0451 b\u0451ri t\u0451 lindin dhe t\u0451 vdesin shtete t\u0451 fuqishme si ai Bullgar, Serb, etj.<\/p>\n

Bizanti e pranoi k\u0451t\u0451 gj\u0451 dhe k\u0451shtu ndodhi ndryshimi i kat\u0451rt.<\/p>\n

Ardhja e Turqve Osman\u0451 solli edhe ndryshimin e pest\u0451. Turqit u ndesh\u0451n me popujt e Ballkanit si, serb\u0451t, shqiptar\u0451t, malazez\u0451t etj. K\u0451shtu arrit\u0451m n\u0451 shekullin e XVII-t\u0451, pik\u0451risht at\u0451here kur ky vend filloi t\u0451 quhet Ballkan. K\u0451t\u0451 pjes\u0451 d\u0451shiroj ta mbyll me dy th\u0451nie, nj\u0451 t\u0451 Miss Durham: \u201cBallkani \u0451sht\u0451 vendi i \u201cPerandorive t\u0451 nj\u0451 njeriu\u201d, perandori q\u0451 rrojn\u0451 sa \u0451sht\u0451 gjall\u0451 njeriu n\u0451 krye t\u0451 tyre\u201d. Vet\u0451 perandoria e Aleksandrit nuk e pati t\u0451 gjat\u0451 pas vdekjes s\u0451 tij, dhe sipas profesoresh\u0451s bullgare, Maria Todorova \u201cE meta kryesore e bullgar\u0451ve ishte se nuk kishin ruajtur kurr\u00ebfar\u00eb aristokracie dhe k\u00ebsodore u mungonte historia, let\u0451rsia e madje dhe nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb e formuar dhe e p\u00ebrsosur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Fjala dhe nocioni m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i prejardhur nga Ballkani \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cballkanizim\u201d. Ka hyr\u0451 n\u0451 leksikun e sharjeve politike n\u0451 fundin e shekullit t\u0451 XIX-t\u0451 kur Perandoria Osmane ishte n\u0451 degradim e sip\u0451r dhe po formoheshin shtete t\u0451 vogla, n\u0451 luft\u0451 t\u0451 rrept\u0451 me nj\u0451ri-tjetrin dhe nd\u0451rmjet vet\u0451 grupeve etnike. Fjalor\u0451 t\u0451 ndrysh\u0451m e datojn\u0451 dhe e shpjegojn\u0451 n\u0451 m\u0451nyra t\u0451 ndryshme, por thuajse n\u0451 t\u0451 gjitha rastet duke ruajtur konotacionin e saj negativ. \u0401sht\u0451 konsideruar si ndarje n\u0451 nj\u0451si t\u0451 vogla e shoq\u0451ruar me despotiz\u0451m, revolucione e kund\u0451rrevolucione, luft\u0451 guerile e vrasje, keqinterpretim t\u0451 historis\u0451, ku gjithkush ka probleme brenda vetes dhe me fqinj\u0451t e tij.<\/p>\n

Fjala \u201cballkanizim\u201d hyri n\u0451 fjalorin e politikan\u0451ve, gazetar\u0451ve, analist\u0451ve dhe tashm\u0451 n\u0451nkuptonte posht\u00ebrimin q\u0451 u b\u0451hej popujve t\u0451 vegj\u0451l duke u mohuar t\u0451 drejt\u0451n e tyre p\u0451r liri, demokraci, pazot\u00ebsin\u0451 e tyre p\u0451r t\u0451 formuar shtet, duke u kthyer n\u00eb sinonim t\u0451 pasiguris\u0451, korrupsionit, p\u0451shtjellimit t\u0451 kompetencave mbi kufijt\u0451 etj. E tejkaloi kuptimin historik e gjeografik duke u shtrir\u0451 n\u0451 fusha t\u0451 ndryshme si, n\u0451 ato sociale, kulturore etj.,aq sa filloi t\u0451 p\u0451rdorej trajta \u201cshoq\u0451ri e ballkanizuar\u201d.<\/p>\n

Harold Blumi shprehet, \u201cBallkanizimi i studimeve letrare \u0451sht\u0451 i pakthyesh\u0451m\u201d. K\u0451shtu nocioni i \u201cballkanizimit\u201d nuk ishte m\u0451 thjesht cop\u0451tim e krijim etnish, tashm\u0451 ishte shum\u0451 m\u0451 shum\u0451, ishte nj\u0451 degradim estetik, mohim i humanizmit e deri shkat\u0451rrim i qetet\u0451rimeve.<\/p>\n

Dhe sot m\u0451 duket se q\u0451ndron disi pezull, le t\u0451 themi, nj\u0451 far\u0451 vet\u0451p\u0451rcaktimi negativ i ballkanasve mbi Ballkanin.<\/p>\n

Fjal\u0451t \u201cballkanas\u201d dhe \u201cballkanizoj\u201d, n\u0451 kuptimin me t\u0451 cilin p\u00ebrdoren, nuk kan\u0451 t\u0451 b\u0451jn\u0451 me fjal\u0451n \u201cballkan\u201d. Duke e grisur nga baza e vet ontologjike krijohet nj\u0451 si gj\u0451 e mbrapsht\u0451, e papranueshme e cila shnd\u0451rrohet n\u0451 nj\u0451 barishte t\u0451 keqe gjuh\u0451sore. Duke u larguar nga konteksti fjala ka marr\u0451 nj\u0451 ngarkes\u0451 negative duke e krahasuar me t\u0451 keqen, gj\u0451 q\u0451 ka sjell\u0451 nj\u0451 reputacion jo t\u0451 mir\u0451, pavar\u0451sisht nga realiteti. N\u0451 Ballkan ka patur dhe ka nj\u0451 mori dukurish t\u0451 pad\u0451shirueshme apo t\u0451 pak\u0451ndshme, por jo t\u0451 pariparueshme dhe t\u0451 pazgjidhshme.<\/p>\n

M\u0451 s\u0451 shumti kjo \u0451sht\u0451 jehon\u0451 e cila, e dal\u0451 nga goja e udh\u0451tar\u0451ve gjat\u0451 shekujve t\u0451 fundit \u0451sht\u0451 p\u0451rplasur diku n\u00eb Evrop\u0451n Per\u0451ndimore duke u kthyer shpeshher\u0451 e deformuar, ka b\u0451r\u0451 q\u0451 evropian\u0451t t\u0451 mos kuptojn\u0451 se Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 vetja e tyre e err\u0451t. Ana tjet\u0451r e \u00e7uditshme \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 far\u0451 stigmatizimi kolektiv. Edhe n\u0451 vende t\u0451 tjera ka probleme, ndoshta m\u0451 t\u0451 r\u0451nda se n\u0451 Ballkan, por nuk takojm\u0451 p\u0451rcaktime t\u0451 tilla si \u201dballkanizim\u201d. Politikan\u0451t, analist\u0451t, gazetar\u0451t etj., duhet t\u00eb binden se stigmatizimi kolektiv nuk \u0451sht\u0451 mjet i mir\u0451 dhe shpeshher\u0451 spekulativ.<\/p>\n

P.sh., pas viteve 90 kishim m\u0451 shum\u0451 nj\u0451 kriz\u0451 jugosllave dhe jo nj\u0451 \u201drilindje t\u0451 ballkanizimit\u201d, si\u00e7 shkruhej n\u00eb gazeta t\u0451 ndryshme. Per\u0451ndimi, e kam fjal\u0451n, Evropa Per\u0451ndimore, mosangazhimin e saj n\u0451 problemet e Ballkanit e ka legjitimuar me iden\u0451 se Ballkani \u0451sht\u0451 joevropian. Do t\u0451 ishte m\u0451 mir\u0451 q\u0451 n\u0451 vend t\u0451 shpjegimeve mb\u0451shtetur n\u0451 fantazma dhe trazira proverbiale ballkanike, \u201cargumente\u201d gjoja historike t\u0451 trajtuara sikur historia e Ballkanit \u0451sht\u0451 historia e Serbis\u0451, per\u0451ndimi mund t\u0451 afronte t\u0451 nj\u0451jtat kritere racionale q\u0451 i rezervon vetes. Kosova \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 shembull shum\u0451 konkret.<\/p>\n

D\u0451shiroj q\u0451 k\u0451t\u0451 ese ta mbyll me nj\u0451 th\u0451nie t\u0451 dramaturgut Sllobodan Shnajder, kroat q\u0451 jeton n\u0451 Gjermani: \u201cBallkani \u0451sht\u0451 nj\u0451 truall mitik\u2026 Ashtu sikurse Mesdheu mund t\u0451 quhet djepi i historis\u0451 njer\u0451zore, kjo \u0451sht\u0451 e v\u0451rtet\u0451 dhe p\u0451r Ballkanin. Do t\u0451 d\u0451shiroja t\u0451 theksoja se ai nuk \u0451sht\u0451 vet\u0451m nj\u0451 rajon fatkeq\u0451sish por edhe nj\u0451 hap\u0451sir\u0451 ku reg\u0451tijn\u0451 traditat e fuqishme q\u0451 kan\u0451 plazmuar kultur\u0451n evropiane. Ballkani nuk duhet lidhur doemos me di\u00e7ka negative, edhe pse fjala \u201dballkanizim\u201d na b\u0451n t\u0451 mendojm\u0451 p\u0451r nj\u0451 luft\u0451 vet\u0451vras\u0451se.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u0451 lart e quajta \u201cstigmatizim kolektiv\u201d fjal\u0451n \u201cballkanizim\u201d, dhe tani mendoj se duhet q\u0451 Evropa t\u0451 bindet se nuk \u0451sht\u0451 zgjidhje mbartja e nj\u0451 damke. Un\u0451 jetoj n\u0451 nj\u0451 vend q\u0451 ndodhet n\u0451 Gadishullin e Ballkanit dhe d\u0451shmoj se integrimi \u0451sht\u0451 zgjidhja. Integrim nuk do t\u0451 thot\u0451 t\u0451 b\u0451hem evropiane, por t\u0451 pranohem si e till\u0451\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim me Ballkanin q\u00eb nga legjenda deri \u00a0te paragjykimet e sotme mbi ne, vendin dhe rajonin ku jetojm\u00eb Nga: Ledia Dushi Po e nis nga legjenda, ajo flet p\u0451r koh\u0451n kur per\u0451ndit\u0451 dhe njer\u0451zit komunikonin. At\u0451here Agenori mbreti i fenikasve d\u0451rgoi djalin e tij Kadmin t\u0451 gjente t\u0451 motr\u0451n, Evrop\u0451n t\u0451 cil\u0451n e kishte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogu-i-udhetarit"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Ledia-Dushku.jpg?fit=250%2C152&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-bW","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":92917,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/zbulime-te-rendesishme-etruske-ne-itali\/","url_meta":{"origin":740,"position":0},"title":"Zbulime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme etruske n\u00eb Itali","author":"shqiperia","date":"August 12, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 vjet arkeolog\u00ebt kan\u00eb zhvilluar g\u00ebrmime n\u00eb vendin e shenjt\u00eb legjendar t\u00eb etrusk\u00ebve n\u00eb Orvieto t\u00eb Italis\u00eb. Tani me sa duket ata kan\u00eb gjetur objekte t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme fetare. 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