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Borxhi publik, ekspertja ngre alarmin: – Interesat dhe kursi i k\u00ebmbimit do shkaktojn\u00eb katastrof\u00eb<\/p>\n
1 Shkurt 2022<\/p>\n
Profesoresha e ekonomis\u00eb Suzana Guxholli ngre alarmin e nj\u00eb katastrofe ekonomike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pritshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe vendas p\u00ebr rritjen e interesave t\u00eb borxhit dhe t\u00eb forcimit t\u00eb euros.<\/p>\n
Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb do t\u2019i shtohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb kosto p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar k\u00ebstet e kredive p\u00ebr borxhet q\u00eb ka marr\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn \u201cPanorama\u201d, Guxholli u shpreh se dy faktor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr do t\u00eb rrisin katastrofikisht kostot e borxhit publik q\u00eb ka marr\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria. Sipas saj, vet\u00eb fakti q\u00eb sipas Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Financave borxhi publik ka arritur n\u00eb shifrat 80.1% t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm bruto p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb shton se n\u00ebse p\u00ebrfshihen edhe detyrimet e gjobave n\u00eb gjykatat e arbitrazhit, pagesat p\u00ebr koncesionet dhe detyrimet e prapambetura, borxhi publik shkon n\u00eb 100%.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb borxh i lart\u00eb, sipas saj, sjell varf\u00ebri te qytetar\u00ebt. Kjo p\u00ebr faktin se Shqip\u00ebria klasifikohet si nj\u00eb ekonomi sh\u00ebrbimesh dhe joprodhuese q\u00eb t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme. Ndaj, rritja e borxhit publik b\u00ebn q\u00eb qeveris\u00eb t\u2019i kufizohen mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb investuar me q\u00ebllim rritjen ekonomike. Borxhi publik shqiptar ka shkuar n\u00eb 80.1%, \u00e7far\u00eb dometh\u00ebnie ka kjo p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb e vendit ton\u00eb? Nj\u00eb borxh publik i lart\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb brisht\u00eb dhe n\u00eb kriz\u00eb anemike si kjo e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb vendet me ekonomi t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe tradicionale q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb rritje se n\u00eb zbritje. P\u00ebr ekonomit\u00eb e brishta ka kufi deri ku shkon kapaciteti i k\u00ebsaj ekonomie p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar nj\u00eb borxh publik.<\/p>\n
Mbaj mend se n\u00eb qeverisjen q\u00eb un\u00eb kam punuar, maksimumi q\u00eb ekonomia shqiptare mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte, sipas p\u00ebrllogaritjes s\u00eb FMN-s\u00eb dhe Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore, mb\u00ebrrinte deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb borxh deri n\u00eb 60% t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm bruto. Dhe kur ne l\u00ebviz\u00ebm kufirin n\u00eb 2007-2008 u b\u00eb qameti. Tani mendoje, kjo ekonomi ka shkuar m\u00eb posht\u00eb. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb treguesit makro e mikro jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar. Nj\u00eb ekonomi e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar dhe nj\u00eb borxh i rritur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb tejskajshme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb barr\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb. Kjo dometh\u00ebn\u00eb se, edhe sikur t\u00eb rritet ekonomia, ajo rritje q\u00eb pritet t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb n\u00eb favor t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve e t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb shum\u00eb investime n\u00eb arsim, sh\u00ebndetin publik e infrastruktur\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebr borxhin. N\u00ebse n\u00eb 2010-\u00ebn ne kishim nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb borxhi 56%, kjo mb\u00ebrrin 76-77%.<\/p>\n
Secili nga ne ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb borxh tani e th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shqip. P\u00ebrse \u00ebsht\u00eb problem borxhi yn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebto shifra kur vende t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb borxh m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por s\u00ebrish ato kan\u00eb rritje ekonomike dhe rritje t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies. Si ta dallojm\u00eb se ky borxh \u00ebsht\u00eb problematik? Ekonomit\u00eb e forta q\u00eb kan\u00eb aktivitete prodhuese dhe aktivitete produktive e p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb nj\u00eb borxh t\u00eb madh. Sepse n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb konstante do t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb, do t\u00eb shesin dhe do t\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura dhe taksa p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbushur buxhetin. Nd\u00ebrsa ekonomit\u00eb anemike t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb pazhvilluara si\u00e7 jemi ne\u2026 \u00e7far\u00eb sektori kemi ne t\u00eb qen\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb na garantoj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme? S\u2019kemi! Ne kemi nj\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb bazuar te fason\u00ebt, call center-at dhe quhemi nj\u00eb ekonomi e bazuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime.<\/p>\n
Kjo i b\u00ebn k\u00ebto ekonomi q\u00eb t\u00eb mos e p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb dot rritjen e madhe t\u00eb borxhit, sepse s\u2019kan\u00eb me \u00e7far\u00eb ta paguajn\u00eb. Marrja e nj\u00eb borxhi p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer nj\u00eb borxh tjet\u00ebr nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb asnj\u00ebher\u00eb e sh\u00ebndetshme. Kur borxhi shkon p\u00ebr pagimin e borxhit tjet\u00ebr dhe jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar aktivitete t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme dhe produktive kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebmshme. P\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb varf\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe. Tani mendoni q\u00eb vendi m\u00eb i varf\u00ebr n\u00eb BE dhe n\u00eb rajon, me nj\u00eb ekonomi q\u00eb ka tat\u00ebpjet\u00ebn, \u00e7far\u00eb i ndodh kur rritet borxhi. Ekonomia jon\u00eb, ndryshe nga<\/p>\n
ekonomia gjermane, italiane apo japoneze, nuk ka k\u00ebllqe q\u00eb t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb borxh t\u00eb madh. P\u00ebr ne ishte llogaritur nj\u00eb borxh i duruesh\u00ebm deri n\u00eb 60% maksimumi. Objektivi q\u00eb v\u00eb FMN p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur ekuilibrat makro t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, planin do t\u00eb donin ta kishin 45% n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Dhe p\u00ebr aq koh\u00eb sa FMN u fut p\u00ebrs\u00ebri e p\u00ebrcaktoi kufirin 45%. T\u00ebrmeti dhe kriza e pandemis\u00eb solli nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme.<\/p>\n
Kjo solli nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr borxh t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar efektet e kriz\u00ebs. A u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim borxhi i marr\u00eb? Situata e kriz\u00ebs k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb borxhi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr rind\u00ebrtim t\u00eb d\u00ebmeve nga t\u00ebrmeti dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar pandemin\u00eb. P\u00ebr investime n\u00eb spitale dhe n\u00eb vaksinim. Dhe jo rritje t\u00eb investimeve publike, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb rrug\u00ebt. S\u2019jan\u00eb prioritet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment. Tani ne mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb edhe pa tunelin n\u00eb Llogora, si\u00e7 kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebto qindra vite. Ato para t\u00eb ishin p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar infrastruktur\u00ebn e spitaleve apo sistemin arsimor. Pam\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb fenomen tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb vitin elektoral u rrit\u00ebn shpenzimet n\u00eb maksimum. Shum\u00eb shpenzime n\u00eb koh\u00eb krize reduktohen. Si n\u00eb familje. K\u00ebshtu duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb edhe me shtetin. Qeveria jon\u00eb nuk e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb rehati dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos u fokusuar te mir\u00ebmenaxhimi, shkoi te rruga m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, q\u00eb ishte marrja e borxhit. Por edhe n\u00eb familje, kur merr borxh m\u00eb shum\u00eb se\u00e7 mund ta p\u00ebrballosh, b\u00ebhesh gazi i t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
FMN dhe Banka Bot\u00ebrore, si dhe organizmat europiane, e kan\u00eb paralajm\u00ebruar qeverin\u00eb ton\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb kujdes. Borxhi duhet shpenzuar p\u00ebr aktivitete dhe investime q\u00eb vijn\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb mir\u00ebqenies dhe jo n\u00eb plot\u00ebsimin e tekave klienteliste. Tendencat dhe parashikimet e ekonomist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe komb\u00ebtar\u00eb jan\u00eb q\u00eb interesi i ul\u00ebt i sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb borxhit q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb deri m\u00eb tani ka tendenc\u00eb n\u00eb rritje. Po ashtu, edhe kursi i k\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb euros. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb katastrof\u00eb, sepse kostoja me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn paguan borxhin do t\u00eb rritet. A nuk sh\u00ebrben borxhi p\u00ebr rind\u00ebrtim q\u00eb t\u00eb sjell\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb? Ka nj\u00eb lloj efekti pozitiv, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb efekt shum\u00eb i madh, sepse pun\u00ebsove p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht sa ngrite pallatin ku do t\u00eb strehohen banor\u00ebt e d\u00ebmtuar dhe kaq. Ata nuk do t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb m\u00eb ty vler\u00eb q\u00eb ti t\u00eb ushqesh ekonomin\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nuk do t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb ty taksa, si\u00e7 paguan nj\u00eb investim prodhues. Prandaj, ndryshimet strukturore n\u00eb ekonomi dhe reformat afatmesme dhe afatgjata q\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e k\u00ebtyre aktiviteteve q\u00eb gjenerojn\u00eb pun\u00ebsim dhe paga m\u00eb t\u00eb larta dhe dinjitet p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, jan\u00eb rrug\u00ebt e drejta nga duhet shkuar. Neve na \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr veshi se parat\u00eb q\u00eb po merr borxh nuk po i p\u00ebrqendron n\u00eb drejtimet q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm pak m\u00eb lart. Por i ka futur n\u00eb investime jo t\u00eb domosdoshme ose n\u00eb koncesione q\u00eb jan\u00eb investime t\u00eb paduhura dhe t\u00eb gabuara. Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pa studime fizibiliteti. Pra, \u00e7\u2019t\u00eb mira dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebqija na sjellin. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, k\u00ebto lloj kostosh t\u00eb koncesioneve dhe detyrimet e papaguara q\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet publike kan\u00eb ndaj shtetit, dhe aq m\u00eb keq, t\u00eb shtetit ndaj privat\u00ebve. K\u00ebto sjellin keqp\u00ebrdorim p\u00ebr taksapaguesit dhe kufizim t\u00eb parave p\u00ebr zgjerim t\u00eb aktivitetit p\u00ebr sektorin privat. Arbitrazhet.<\/p>\n
Gjyqet q\u00eb ne kemi humbur me kompani t\u00eb ndryshme. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb borxhe t\u00eb fshehura q\u00eb ky 81% nuk i ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrfshihen edhe k\u00ebto, borxhi shkon gati 100%. Pra \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb prodhon ekonomia jon\u00eb, shkon p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin. Nuk rrit dot as investimet. As mir\u00ebqenien dhe as rrogat. Rrit barr\u00ebn e borxheve p\u00ebr brezat e ardhsh\u00ebm. Rritja ekonomike nuk shkon dot p\u00ebr rritjen e mir\u00ebqenies, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin. Ti punon, por gjith\u00e7ka merr i \u00e7on p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, \u00e7far\u00eb masash duhen marr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar klim\u00ebn. Ministrja e deklaroi se do t\u00eb ul\u00eb borxhin? Qeveria i kishte planet q\u00eb p\u00ebr 2021-shin p\u00ebr uljen e borxhit, por p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb ndryshme, borxhi u planifikua me rritje. Dhe rritja \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e madhe. P\u00ebrdorimi i k\u00ebtij borxhi i \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb nga FMN-ja se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e duhur. Qeveria jon\u00eb kritikohet p\u00ebr munges\u00eb transparence n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e parave publike.<\/p>\n
Qoft\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e rind\u00ebrtimit, por qoft\u00eb edhe n\u00eb investime, si koncesionet apo PPP-t\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb miliona euro, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur zhvillimin e biznesit apo p\u00ebr sektor\u00ebt publik\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb<\/p>\n
nevoj\u00eb jetike. Duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerren politika mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb biznes, q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria t\u00eb mos bjer\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me klim\u00ebn e t\u00eb b\u00ebrit biznes, por t\u00eb ngrihet e t\u00eb b\u00ebhet t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse p\u00ebr investitor\u00ebt e huaj. T\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e ekonomis\u00eb p\u00ebrmes reformave afatmesme dhe afatgjata. T\u00eb mos mundohet t\u00eb shoh vet\u00ebm tani. S\u2019mund t\u00eb merret borxh p\u00ebr zgjedhjet. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb i k\u00ebrkohet q\u00eb t\u00eb shkurtoj\u00eb shpenzimet e veta. T\u00eb mos nxitohet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtime q\u00eb s\u2019jan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme. T\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb mbledhjen e t\u00eb ardhurave, t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb informale. T\u00eb rris\u00eb disiplin\u00ebn fiskale. Ta shikoj\u00eb at\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Rritja e borxhit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mas\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb shkelje t\u00eb rregullit t\u00eb art\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb p\u00ebr buxhetin, i cili thot\u00eb se borxhi publik nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2% e PBBs\u00eb, ku n\u00eb fakt n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ka shkuar diku 7.5% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb. Suzana Guxholli, gjat\u00eb intervist\u00ebs p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn \u201cPanorama\u201d Gjyqet q\u00eb ne kemi humbur me kompani t\u00eb ndryshme. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb borxhe t\u00eb fshehura q\u00eb ky 81% nuk i ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrfshihen edhe k\u00ebto, borxhi shkon gati 100%. Pra \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb prodhon ekonomia jon\u00eb, shkon p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin. Nuk rrit dot as investimet. As mir\u00ebqenien dhe as rrogat. Rrit barr\u00ebn e borxheve p\u00ebr brezat e ardhsh\u00ebm. Rritja ekonomike nuk shkon dot p\u00ebr rritjen e mir\u00ebqenies, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin. Ti punon, por gjith\u00e7ka merr i \u00e7on p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar borxhin.<\/p>\n
Nga MARIGLEN KUME<\/p>\n
Gazeta Panorama<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Borxhi publik, ekspertja ngre alarmin: – Interesat dhe kursi i k\u00ebmbimit do shkaktojn\u00eb katastrof\u00eb 1 Shkurt 2022 Profesoresha e ekonomis\u00eb Suzana Guxholli ngre alarmin e nj\u00eb katastrofe ekonomike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pritshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb dhe vendas p\u00ebr rritjen e interesave t\u00eb borxhit dhe t\u00eb forcimit t\u00eb euros. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb do […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":53667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27,2,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogu-i-udhetarit","category-politika","category-shoqerore"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Suzana-Guxholli.jpg?fit=576%2C320&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-dXA","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":53546,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/meta-qeveria-fsheh-borxhin-publik-ti-leme-gallatat-me-ekonomine-se-do-falimentojme\/","url_meta":{"origin":53666,"position":0},"title":"Meta: -Qeveria fsheh borxhin publik! – T’i l\u00ebm\u00eb gallatat me ekonomin\u00eb se do falimentojm\u00eb","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"January 28, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Meta: -Qeveria fsheh borxhin publik! - T'i l\u00ebm\u00eb gallatat me ekonomin\u00eb se do falimentojm\u00eb 28 JANAR 2022 Presidenti Ilir Meta n\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb p\u00ebr median ngriti shqet\u00ebsimin p\u00ebr rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb borxhit publik, duke e akuzuar qeverin\u00eb Rama se po e fsheh at\u00eb. 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