{"id":4852,"date":"2018-03-14T17:22:35","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T17:22:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=4852"},"modified":"2018-03-14T17:22:50","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T17:22:50","slug":"paul-krecmer-1866-1956-universi-mitologjik-midis-ilireve-dhe-grekeve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/paul-krecmer-1866-1956-universi-mitologjik-midis-ilireve-dhe-grekeve\/","title":{"rendered":"Paul Kre\u00e7mer (1866-1956) – Universi mitologjik midis ilir\u00ebve dhe grek\u00ebve. –"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Paul Kre\u00e7mer (1866-1956) ka qen\u00eb profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Marburgut i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasimtare, m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs. M\u00eb 1896 botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cEinleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache\u201d (\u201cHyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs greke\u201d). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr pioniere ky dijetar i kushton mbi 40 faqe ilir\u00ebve dhe rolin e tyre n\u00eb hershm\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

Kre\u00e7mer flet p\u00ebr simbioz\u00ebn n\u00eb universin mitologjik midis ilir\u00ebve dhe grek\u00ebve. Ai shkruan: \u201cK\u00ebshtu n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar pik\u00ebpamja e shprehur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, se fiset ilire dhe fiset veriper\u00ebndimore greke ishin p\u00ebrzier me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, larg\u00ebsia gjuh\u00ebsore midis tyre nuk ka qen\u00eb aq e madhe sa m\u00eb von\u00eb; megjithat\u00eb qysh at\u00ebher\u00eb midis dy grupeve fisnore ekzistonte nj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb e dukshme komb\u00ebtare ose pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb u krijuan kontakte armiq\u00ebsore: dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebto kontradikta jemi t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm. Epiri \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi ku lindi emri i grek\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ardh\u00ebsit ilir\u00eb pat\u00ebn nevoj\u00eb q\u00eb kombin e huaj q\u00eb u kishte z\u00ebn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn ta quanin me nj\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm dhe i dhan\u00eb atij emrin e nj\u00ebrit prej fiseve t\u00eb tij, t\u00eb grek\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u shtyn\u00eb nga Epiri dhe dol\u00ebn rishtas n\u00eb Oropos, n\u00eb kufirin atik-beotik. K\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr e mor\u00ebn me vete fiset iliro-epirote q\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes detit emigruan n\u00eb Itali, e, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e mori per\u00ebndimi ku ende sot mbizot\u00ebron ky em\u00ebr q\u00eb u \u00e7ua aty shum\u00eb koh\u00eb para se emri \u201c\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 t\u00eb fitonte vler\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme edhe nd\u00ebr vet\u00eb grek\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Po k\u00ebta fise u kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb edhe popujve italik\u00eb figur\u00ebn e sag\u00ebs s\u00eb Odises\u00eb; sepse forma fonetike e latinishtes Ulixes, Olixes tregon qart\u00eb se romak\u00ebt e njoh\u00ebn s\u00eb pari Odisen\u00eb, jo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet eposit jonian. Gjuha mesape kishte nj\u00eb spirante q\u00eb nga romak\u00ebt paraqitej her\u00eb me x, her\u00eb me s, nga grek\u00ebt me \u03b6 dhe \u03c3 kurse n\u00eb vet\u00eb shkrimet mesape jepet me I dhe para t me X ose \u03a3: gjinorja nj\u00ebj\u00ebs e Dazet (me \u0394\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u0394\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, Dases, Dassius etj. me rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt), do t\u00eb shkruhet her\u00eb \u0394\u0391XTA\u03a3, her\u00eb \u0394\u0391\u03a3\u03a4\u0391\u03a3. Alfabeti venet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb tingull ka nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, q\u00eb haset dhe n\u00eb mbishkrimet kelte kurse n\u00eb shkrimin latin shprehet me x, xx, xs, c, ss, s. Pauli (Veneter, f. 154 ff) ka folur shum\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie e i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebtij tingulli irracional vler\u00ebn e nj\u00eb \u0161-je.<\/p>\n

Edhe l e Ulixes flet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb burim joepik. Tani ne dim\u00eb nga mbishkrimet se athinasit, beot\u00ebt, korintian\u00ebt heroin e quanin \u2018O\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 ose \u2018O\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 e jo \u2018O\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c5\u03c2\u2026 Sipas Quintil I 4, 16, edhe eolisht duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb Olisseus (Jordan, Krit. Beitr. zur Gesch. d. lat. Spr. f. 39). K\u00ebshtu t\u00eb krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja se forma \u2018O\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 i takon vet\u00ebm eposit jonian dhe ka dal\u00eb nga nj\u00eb origjinal \u2018O\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, duke gjetur nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje etimologjike popullore te \u00f3\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b4\u03b1\u03af \u201czem\u00ebrohem me dik\u00eb\u201d, me t\u00eb cilin, si\u00e7 dihet, e prezanton Poeti.<\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb \u03bb t\u00eb ket\u00eb lindur fonetikisht nga \u03b4 nxjerr v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi: sepse ky shnd\u00ebrrim fonetik jo i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb i huaj p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn greke, po t\u00eb mos marrim parasysh \u03bb\u03ac\u03c6\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b7 (Hesych) pergeike. Helbigu (Hermes 11, 281) tani natyrisht e ka k\u00ebrkuar prejardhjen e mitit t\u00eb Odises\u00eb n\u00eb fiset barbare ose, sipas tij, gjysm\u00ebbarbare t\u00eb per\u00ebndimit grek; k\u00ebt\u00eb hipotez\u00eb e kam besuar edhe un\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb dhe disa fakte t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 atyre gjuh\u00ebsoreve. Odisea kishte nj\u00eb orakull n\u00eb euritan\u00ebt jogrek\u00eb; Wilamowitz (Hom. Unt. 188 ff) ka d\u00ebshmuar p\u00ebr lidhjet e tij t\u00eb ngushta me tesprot\u00ebt, rolin e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb duket se ka luajtur saga e tij n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb Epirit. Saga e Phaiakes \u00ebsht\u00eb epirote, sepse \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b7, q\u00eb rrjedh nga \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u201ckontinent\u201d e do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u201ctok\u00eb e that\u00eb, stere\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb sinonim me \u201cH\u03b7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 dhe nj\u00eb qytet i Kaonis\u00eb, quhej \u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 (Hekateu t\u00eb Stefan Bizantini s.v.) i formuar si \u2018I\u03b8\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, me B jogreke p\u00ebr \u03c6 (nga bh), d.m.th. nj\u00eb em\u00ebr q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb lokalizuar k\u00ebtu aspak n\u00ebn ndikimin e eposit.<\/p>\n

Tani mundet q\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrimin fonetik nga \u03b4 n\u00eb \u03bb t\u2019ua atribuojn\u00eb fiseve iliro-epirote duke iu referuar \u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (piktori i nj\u00eb amfore nga Canosa), n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me emrin \u0394\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2. Megjithat\u00eb un\u00eb e quaj t\u00eb besueshme hipotez\u00ebn se \u201cnj\u00ebra nga figurat m\u00eb vitale t\u00eb sag\u00ebs heroike greke\u201d t\u00eb ket\u00eb ardhur nga popujt barbar\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se nuk din\u00eb asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vet\u00eb grek\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, p.sh., megjithat\u00eb, nuk e kan\u00eb harruar kurr\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht prejardhjen trake t\u00eb kultit t\u00eb Dionisit. K\u00ebtu detyra jon\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb hetojm\u00eb m\u00eb tej \u00e7\u00ebshtjen ende t\u00eb pazgjidhur t\u00eb mitit t\u00eb Odises\u00eb. Emri i Odise-Uliksit u desh t\u00eb sillej k\u00ebtu vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e vlefshme e rolit nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb luajtur emigruesit ilir\u00eb midis siujdhes\u00ebs ballkanike dhe apenine.\u201d<\/p>\n

Paul Kre\u00e7mer b\u00ebn k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb novatore me nj\u00eb monument madhor t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb her\u00ebshme si\u00e7 jan\u00eb epet e Homerit, ose q\u00eb konvencionalisht quhet si t\u00eb Homerit.<\/p>\n

Teza se forma Uliks \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb tek popujt e Europ\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ilir\u00ebve tregon se eposin homerik ilir\u00ebt e njihnin si kultur\u00eb orale, ndon\u00ebse jo n\u00eb form\u00eb shkrimore. Odiseu i shqiptuar si Uliks u njoh sipas modelimit fonetik, morfologjik t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve. Vepra e Jemes Joyce-it u quajt \u201cUlisi\u201d, jo \u201cOdiseu\u201d. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ilir\u00ebt (mesap\u00ebt, japig\u00ebt) p\u00ebrtej detit Jon dhe Adriatik e p\u00ebrcoll\u00ebn tek popujt e tjer\u00eb form\u00ebn e tyre Uliks dhe mbase n\u00eb konkurrim me form\u00ebn Odiseu, konkurrim, ose paralele, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb vazhduar gjat\u00eb n\u00eb shekuj, per\u00ebndimi europian sanksionoi p\u00ebrfundimisht deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme form\u00ebn ilire Uliks. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb akt kulturor i klasit t\u00eb par\u00eb ku ilir\u00ebt paraqiten si p\u00ebrurues dhe negociator t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit nga emrave m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb paharruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit bot\u00ebror. Kjo dukuri vlen t\u00eb studiohet pambarimisht. Kjo lidhet edhe me emra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb monumentit homerik, duke galvanizuar k\u00ebshtu terminologjin\u00eb antroponimike t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb heronjve dhe hyjnive mesdhetare n\u00eb Europ\u00eb.
\nKre\u00e7mer beson se vet\u00eb kulti i Uliksit (Odiseut) \u00ebsht\u00eb fermentuar n\u00eb mjedisin ilir epirot. Jo vet\u00ebm si mend\u00ebsi dhe praktik\u00eb kultike por edhe si substanc\u00eb linguistike.<\/p>\n

Paul Kre\u00e7mer n\u00ebnvizon:<\/p>\n

\u201cP\u00ebr fiset ilire q\u00eb u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb Epir ne dim\u00eb fare pak gj\u00ebra e p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn e tyre thuajse asgj\u00eb. Emri i mbretit t\u00eb agrejve \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (Thukid. III 111, 114, IV, 77) t\u00eb kujton emrin e vendit ilir Salluntum (Itin. Anton. f. 338. 8) dhe salentin\u00ebt tarentin\u00eb, Krahaso dhe ilir \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2. Nga ilir\u00ebt vjen, mbase, dhe asimilimi n\u00eb emrin e lumit \u201cA\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 (Ptolem. III 14, 6, Liv. 43 21): \u201cA\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 (I.v. Korkyra, IGA. 343) \u201cA\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 (Polyb. 21.26,4. Strab VII 325 Aratus (Plin. IV 4), Arethon (Liv. 38.3). Q\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrimi nga kt p\u00ebrmes ht n\u00eb tt ishte nj\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrim ilir ne mund t\u00eb bindemi 1) nga shqipja nat\u00eb, lit. naktis; pes\u00eb, sanskr. pankti (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. III 5) 2) nga istrishtja Nesattium (Liv. 41,15), Nesatium (Plin III 127) N\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (Ptolem. III 1, 27). 3) Nga venetishtja rehtiia, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Pauli (Die veneter, f. 556) e shpjegon bukur si emrin e nj\u00eb per\u00ebndeshe Rectia.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00ebrthore ne mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb edhe nj\u00ebfar\u00eb p\u00ebrfytyrimi rreth gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve q\u00eb u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb Epir. K\u00ebta fise, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nevoja ose d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr pushtim i shtyu t\u00eb sulen nga trojet e tyre veriore n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb jugut edhe n\u00eb krahinat n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Pindit e t\u00eb Oetas nuk gjet\u00ebn hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme. Shtrirjen e tyre t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme drejt Lindjes e penguan jo vet\u00ebm vargmalet e egra dhe t\u00eb kalueshme e t\u00eb parrug\u00ebt, por edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb popullsia e dendur e krahinave t\u00eb atjeshme, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat kishin v\u00ebrshuar fiset greke, q\u00eb tanim\u00eb ishin zhvendosur nga per\u00ebndimi, tesal\u00ebt, beot\u00ebt, dor\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu nd\u00ebrroi drejtimin rryma e emigruesve ilir\u00eb nga ana e per\u00ebndimit p\u00ebrmes detit drejt bregdetit italian t\u00eb p\u00ebrkundrejt. K\u00ebto dukuri nuk ishin aspak t\u00eb panjohura p\u00ebr autor\u00ebt romak\u00eb. Daunusi, eponimi i daun\u00ebve t\u00eb Apulis\u00eb, p\u00ebrshkruhej si nj\u00eb ilir fisnik, i cili, p\u00ebr shkaqe politike kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb atdheun e tij dhe kishte gjetur nj\u00eb atdhe t\u00eb ri n\u00eb Itali (Paul, Dac, f. 48 Th.d.Pon). Salentin\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb paelign\u00ebt, q\u00eb n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e mbretit t\u00eb tyre Volsimus, i quajtur edhe Lacullus, kishin ardhur nga Iliria (Paul. Diac. f. 278).<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna u v\u00ebrtetuan nga dy fakte: s\u00eb pari, nga p\u00ebrputhja e emrave t\u00eb fiseve dhe t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e detit Adriatik dhe nga kthimi i nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh emrash vetjak\u00eb ilir\u00eb n\u00eb bregdetin lindor t\u00eb siujdhes\u00ebs apenine. Pik\u00ebrisht Helbigu (Hermes XI 1876, f. 257 ff) ka merit\u00ebn t\u2019i d\u00ebshmonte me ngulm dhe t\u00eb vler\u00ebsonte nga pik\u00ebpamja historike k\u00ebto fakte. Para s\u00eb gjithash ai lidhi japig\u00ebt italik\u00eb me japod\u00ebt ilir\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Hekateu (tek Stefan Bizantini \u2018I\u03b1\u03c0\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03b1) i quan edhe japig\u00eb. Edhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn italike shfaqet forma-d n\u00eb umbr. Japuzikum, Japusco, Jabuscom, n\u00eb tabelat iguvinike (B\u00fccheler, Umbrica, f. 95), ku b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb huajt, nd\u00ebr ta japud\u00ebt, t\u2019i largojn\u00eb nga turma. K\u00ebmbimi i form\u00ebs s\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs n\u00eb \u2018I\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2: \u2018I\u03ac\u03c0\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 ka nj\u00eb paralele n\u00eb \u03ba\u03bb\u03acF\u03b9\u03b4 \u2013 \u201cky\u00e7\u201d; dor. \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b9\u03ba (Theokrit) dhe \u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2: \u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2. Kaon\u00ebve t\u00eb Epirit u p\u00ebrgjigjen \u03a7\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 n\u00eb Siris, galabreve dardan\u00eb, thell\u00eb n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb Siujdhes\u00ebs Ballkanike (Strab. VII 316) Calabr\u00ebt italik\u00eb, salentin\u00ebve vendi dalmat Salluntum (Itin. A, t. 338) etj. N\u00eb t\u00eb dyja an\u00ebt e detit Adriatik hasen emra qytetesh me \u2013nt dhe \u2013t- n\u00eb \u2013ntum, -etum etj., si Tarentum \u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 Hydruntum, \u03a5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c2 Uzentum, Sipontum n\u00eb bregdetin ilirik, Neretum, Aletium n\u00eb Kalabri. Epetium n\u00eb Dalmaci, \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd n\u00eb Epir. K\u00ebta shembuj nga masa e p\u00ebrputhjeve t\u00eb tilla, t\u00eb mbledhura nga Helbig Kiepert etj., mjaftojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar faktin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi; n\u00eb holl\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre ne do t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Jo m\u00eb t\u00eb pakta jan\u00eb edhe p\u00ebrputhjet n\u00eb emrat vetjak\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar sipas Helbigut (Herm. XI, 269) sidomos Deeckes (Rhein. Mus. vol. 36 e 37) dhe Paisit (Storia d\u2019Italia I 360): Dasius, Dasimius, Blattius, Trosius ose \u03a4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Artus, Artorius etj., gjenden t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht ose n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb, si n\u00eb bregun ilirik dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb italik t\u00eb Adriatikut.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb argument tjet\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shtegtimin e fiseve ilire n\u00eb siujdhes\u00ebn italike sjellin mbishkrimet e Kalabris\u00eb t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb jogreke dhe joitalike q\u00eb u \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur pa dyshim me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, mesap\u00ebve q\u00eb banonin aty. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ne vijm\u00eb n\u00eb problemin q\u00eb na ka interesuar n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe popujve t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me ta q\u00eb trajtuam deri tani.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kre\u00e7mer jep k\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb tablo shkencore, ku v\u00ebrtetohet se ilir\u00ebt e gadishullit t\u00eb tyre dhe ilir\u00ebt e gadishullit apenin, sidomos n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut (mesap\u00ebt, japig\u00ebt) kishin sanksionuar emrat e tyre, t\u00eb qyteteve, emrat gjeografik\u00eb. Pra deti Adriatik qe n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre det ilir.
\nDukuria shtegtuese por edhe kolonizuese ilire n\u00eb bregun italik \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, por gati asnj\u00ebher\u00eb e studiuar seriozisht. Mjedisi i tyre gjuh\u00ebsor (ilir) ka qen\u00eb i suksessh\u00ebm dhe rezistues. Aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se ilir\u00ebt e Italis\u00eb s\u00eb Jugut kan\u00eb kultivuar shkrimin, pra ishin popullsi shkrimb\u00ebr\u00ebse, nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb e lart\u00eb e qytet\u00ebrimit. Ilir\u00ebt kan\u00eb patur shkrimet e tyre, jan\u00eb mijra mbishkrime mesape, q\u00eb ende nuk jan\u00eb zb\u00ebrthyer, por q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk do t\u00eb zb\u00ebrthehen nj\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Linguisti i madh italian Vittore Pizani njoh\u00ebs i thell\u00eb i monumenteve epigrafike mesape (jan\u00eb disa mijra mbishkrime t\u00eb ilirishtes mesapike me scripta continua) n\u00eb studimet e tij jo vet\u00ebm e mbron dhe e argumenton ilirisin\u00eb e mesap\u00ebve dhe japig\u00ebve n\u00eb jugun e Italis\u00eb por ka arritur rezultate t\u00eb admirueshme n\u00eb disa ekuacione linguistike si dhe t\u00eb rrafshit mitik e sakral. P\u00ebr Pizanin ilir\u00ebt n\u00eb Itali kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs kulturor\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebsor\u00eb me popujt e tjer\u00eb italik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pizani thekson se \u201cEmri Graeci p\u00ebr \u201c\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u201d do t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb origjin\u00eb tamam i nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u b\u00ebn\u00eb dor\u00eb, dhe ka sh\u00ebrbyer pastaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grek\u00ebrit, disi ashtu sikund\u00ebr ka ngjar\u00eb me gjerman\u00ebt e k\u00ebtej Rinit. Dhe kjo m\u00eb hynte n\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar korespondimet me karakter politik e social nd\u00ebrmjet Rom\u00ebs e Spart\u00ebs dhe dor\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ndarja n\u00eb tri tribu, diarkia, gerusia dhe senati. Ky i fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr nga emri nj\u00eb kalk i p\u00ebrpikt\u00eb i gerusia-s.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto fakte na tregojn\u00eb se ilir\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb Italin\u00eb jugore n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Adriatikut, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb kan\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb vend aty si mesap\u00eb, daun\u00eb, peucez\u00eb etj., sikur dihesh edhe nga t\u00eb lasht\u00ebt, por me disa dep\u00ebrtime kan\u00eb shkuar aq\u00eb sa t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb nga elementet etnike nga t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar Roma shum\u00eb e lasht\u00eb, disi po ashtu si indoevropian\u00ebt e arritur n\u00eb Mesapotami dhe n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Vog\u00ebl, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb kan\u00eb formuar perandorin\u00eb hitite dhe formacione t\u00eb tjera shtet\u00ebrore, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat dialektet indoeuropiane jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjuh\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ka l\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjurm\u00eb nd\u00ebr emra dinastik\u00eb ose t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Ndoshta fenomenet q\u00eb kam \u00e7ekur gjer tani, q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, lidhen me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb v\u00ebrshimesh. Nd\u00ebr ato fenomene mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrohet edhe formimi i nj\u00eb perfekti ose aoristi t\u00eb dob\u00ebt me v, si\u00e7 e kemi gjetur n\u00eb mesapishten dhe n\u00eb shqipen dhe si\u00e7 e gjejm\u00eb n\u00eb perfektet latine t\u00eb tipit amavi. Ato fenomene tek t\u00eb cilat po drejtohemi tani, i duhen atribuuar m\u00eb fort nj\u00eb periudhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, me an\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes nga territori n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Ilir\u00ebt e imigruar ishin vendosur q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb duke imponuar aty gjuh\u00ebn e tyre. Ky imponim gjuh\u00ebsor i ilir\u00ebve mund t\u00eb dokumentohet me mjete t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillta gjuh\u00ebsore.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pizani i jep r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsie leksikore q\u00eb lidhet me emrin \u201cbir\u201d (fem\u00ebrore: \u201cbij\u00eb\u201d) q\u00eb n\u00eb latinisht \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cfilius\u201d. Ja \u00e7\u2019thot\u00eb Pizani:<\/p>\n

\u201cKarakteristik\u00eb kryesore e k\u00ebtij tipi isoglasash \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr \u201cbir\u201d dhe \u201cbij\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb mesapishten gjejm\u00eb bilia, biliva p\u00ebr fem\u00ebroren, beiliihi gjindore p\u00ebr mashkulloren, me k\u00ebt\u00eb lidhen kall\u00ebzorja faliske fiom, fiom-i kall\u00ebzore e picenishtes jugore dhe venetishtja filia, m\u00eb n\u00eb fund latinishtja fillus, filia. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit akoma m\u00ebsohet nd\u00ebr manualet se duhet krahasuar me letonishten d\u0113ls \u2018bir\u2019 dhe se i takon rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs dh\u0113\u2013 \u2018allatare\u2019 (-tajis, ushqej me qum\u00ebsht gjini) edhe pse dalja e i-s\u00eb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb e-s\u00eb s\u00eb pritur, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. Dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur k\u00ebt\u00eb mendim, citohet umbrishtja suf feliuf. Por feliuf thuhet p\u00ebr dosat q\u00eb u japin qum\u00ebsht (derkucave) dhe prandaj nuk na jep nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Duke par\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrhapjen e fjal\u00ebs edhe n\u00eb mesapishten, b e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb \u00e7ohet te nj\u00eb buzore (labiale) dhe jo t\u00eb nj\u00eb dh\u00ebmbore, duhet me vend t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb ilirike me nj\u00eb spirante t\u00eb z\u00ebshme fillestare, q\u00eb ka kaluar n\u00eb spirante t\u00eb paz\u00ebshme, si n\u00eb rastet e fascis, fascinum, flagitium e Faunus q\u00eb trajtuam m\u00eb lart. P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket fjal\u00ebs mesapike ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar me origjin\u00eb ilire nga shqipja me fjal\u00ebn e saj bir shm. bilj e bij fem\u00ebrore bilj\u00eb e bij\u00eb. Si\u00e7 dihet, q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb Stier dhe Gustav Meyer kishin menduar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb fjal\u00eb me prejardhje nga fjala q\u00eb greqishtja ting\u00ebllon \u03c6\u03cb\u03bb\u03ae dhe q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb ekzistonte n\u00eb ilirishte, krah. \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd toponim ilirik q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjet T\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 t\u00eb Elid\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb krahasim duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb me gjinoren mesapishte bollihi q\u00eb sipas mendimit tim, Otto Haas me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb e ka p\u00ebrkthyer filii: k\u00ebtu o-ja \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar si zakonisht p\u00ebr u, dhe tregon n\u00eb nj\u00eb dialekt ruajtjen e \u016b-s\u00eb s\u00eb gjat\u00eb q\u00eb gjetiu, sigurisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb u-s\u00eb, ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb i si n\u00eb shqipen: \u00ebsht\u00eb forma me \u012b q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur nd\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt e lashta italike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat u fol. Dhe kuptimi i filius, ose m\u00eb mir\u00eb i prototipit t\u00eb tij ilir, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb: \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr bijt q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae t\u00eb sunduesve, pik\u00ebrisht sikund\u00ebr liberi \u2018fijt\u00eb\u2019 latin\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb kund\u00ebrv\u00ebnie me vernae, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin leudho\u2013 \u201cpopullit\u201d (khs. slav. ljud\u016d, lituanishtja li\u00e1udis, anglosaksionishtja leod etj. kuptohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb lir\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin klas\u00ebn sunduese. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pa interes fakti se, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb tipin filius, qoft\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb liberi, ndeshet i nj\u00ebjti koncepsion q\u00eb ka v\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb trash\u00ebguara, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara me sanskrishten putr\u00e1s dhe s\u016bnus \u2013 duhitr, slv. syn\u016d \u2013 d\u016d\u0161ti, grek. \u03bd\u03af\u03cc\u03c2-\u03b4\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1 etj., dhe kjo n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb italik ku n\u00eb an\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, oskishtja ruan ende termat indoeuropiane t\u00eb sajat puklo- e futir.<\/p>\n

Territori i p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb isoglos\u00ebs \u201cfilius\u201d p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet prej Laciumit (latin e falisk) p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin kemi par\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb lidhjet e lashta me bot\u00ebn ilire-mesape dhe p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr prej Picenit dhe Venetis\u00eb q\u00eb dalin n\u00eb Adriatik dhe q\u00eb prandaj marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb takimet q\u00eb vendoste lundrimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb det nd\u00ebrmjet vendeve bregdetare: n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb, kam folur n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr nj\u00eb n\u00ebnlidhje p\u00ebrbrenda lidhjes gjuh\u00ebsore italike, k\u00ebtu do t\u00eb flisja n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb figurative p\u00ebr nj\u00eb trev\u00eb filius.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pra, isoglosa \u201cfilius\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb i sfer\u00ebs familjare, njer\u00ebzore. N\u00ebse kjo nj\u00ebsi leksikore e gjith\u00ebmbar\u00ebshme e latinishtes \u00ebsht\u00eb refleks i nj\u00eb fjale t\u00eb mesapishtes ilire tregon raporte tejet t\u00eb her\u00ebshme pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb rrafshin gjinor, antropologjik.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse mesap\u00ebt (edhe japig\u00ebt) kan\u00eb ndikuar k\u00ebsisoj n\u00eb territorin linguistik italik nuk duhen harruar edhe ndikimet n\u00eb dimensionin mitologjik t\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Pizani thekson gjithashtu:<\/p>\n

\u201cNj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb kan\u00eb, sipas mendimit tim, t\u00eb tilla ekuacione n\u00eb fush\u00ebn sakrale. N\u00ebse ana q\u00eb i paravihet emrit Aprodita \u00ebsht\u00eb, si\u00e7 duket, e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb me lat. Anna q\u00eb i paravihet Perenna-s, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb fjala ndoshta p\u00ebr mbeturina kultesh q\u00eb p\u00ebrpara arritjes s\u00eb indoeuropian\u00ebve n\u00eb Itali; Venas, e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb si lat. Venus, q\u00eb del edhe n\u00eb F\u03b5\u03c5\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5f\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9 t\u00eb Rossano di Vaglio pran\u00eb Potenc\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb, me siguri indoeuropiane dhe pik\u00ebrisht hyjnizimi i nj\u00eb neutri q\u00eb tregon d\u00ebshir\u00ebn dashurore (sanskr. v\u00e1nas) dhe mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur si nj\u00eb em\u00ebr hyjnor prej Rom\u00ebs; hyjneshat e fatit, Logetibas (dhanore shum\u00ebs) n\u00eb nj\u00eb kushtrim t\u00eb Alezios i p\u00ebrgjigjen \u039b\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 siciliane, grekes \u039b\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, nj\u00ebra nga Parkat, dhe duket se ishin pik\u00ebrisht t\u00eb Italis\u00eb Jugore: mbi origjin\u00ebn e tyre, n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb greke ose jo, pak gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb themi, sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e errt\u00eb origjina e \u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd; ndoshta, meq\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb raporti \u03c7 dhe g, mund t\u00eb mendohet se b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr hyjni veriballkanike t\u00eb sjella n\u00eb Greqi nga ilir\u00ebt e dorizuar, n\u00eb Itali nga mesap\u00ebt dhe farefiset e tyre ilire.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mbishkrimin q\u00eb R. Arena e ka interpretuar drejt si t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga dy formula, nj\u00ebra greke dhe tjetra mesape, dua t\u00eb them \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4(\u03b5)\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03b7\u03b1\u03b9 \u2018A.A. hyjnesh\u00ebs \u0393\u2019, dhe \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1F\u03b7\u2019 p\u00ebrgatiti gj\u00ebkafsh\u00eb, kjo gj\u00ebkafsh\u00eb, \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd, \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb kish\u00ebs dhe kjo term\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr mua identike me umbrishten persolo, perklum t\u00eb \u201csacrufucium\u201d, me oskishten pestluon tempull me formim regresiv n\u00eb marsik\u00ebn pesco \u201ctempull\u201d, q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb toponime t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb dit\u00ebve t\u00eb sotme n\u00eb Italin\u00eb jugore, t\u00eb cilat fillojn\u00eb me Pesco-. Ajo rrjedh nga persk- tem\u00eb tani e s\u00eb tashmes n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn perk- \/ prek \u2013 pregare \u2013 me lute me prapashtes\u00ebn \u2013klo nga tlo-: fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim me origjin\u00eb osko-umbre, dhe n\u00eb mesapishten ka p\u00ebsuar disimilimin e likuideve r- l n\u00eb n- l. Isoglosa \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante sepse ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me nj\u00eb huazim sendesh, qoft\u00eb nj\u00eb trajt\u00eb e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb tempulli, qoft\u00eb edhe vet\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i tempujve p\u00ebr kultin hyjnor, apo gj\u00ebra t\u00eb ngjashme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast ajo mund t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kapitull me tem\u00ebn tabara- \u201cprift, prift\u00ebresh\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb mund t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb ta- parafjala, q\u00eb pam\u00eb se i p\u00ebrgjigjet shqipes te-k, dhe \u2013bara- nga rr\u00ebnja bher- \u201cme sjell\u00eb, me bajt\u00eb\u201d jo vet\u00ebm natyrisht e greqishtes \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 lat. fer\u00f3, etj. por edhe e shqipes \u2013bie e formuar, prandaj me elemente patjet\u00ebr ilire.<\/p>\n

I p\u00ebrgjigjet tamam umbrishtes ars-fertur \u201cprift\u201d, nomen agentis t\u00eb fer- paraprir\u00eb nga ars- baras me lat. ad, duke pasur shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb kalk i term\u00ebs osko-umbre. Akoma; kemi ndeshur fjal\u00ebn prespolis q\u00eb e kemi kuptuar si \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 duke par\u00eb n\u00eb gjymtyr\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb dyt\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2013poli- baras me lat. potis etj.; elementi i par\u00eb pres- kthehet n\u00eb indikacionet e hierarkis\u00eb prift\u00ebrore, n\u00eb sanskr pur\u00f3hitas nga puras-hitas, fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fjal\u00eb \u201ci v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb krye\u201d, q\u00eb tregon kapelanin (priftin) e oborrit, priftin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb krye t\u00eb nj\u00eb familjeje etj., un\u00eb nuk njoh korespondime t\u00eb sanskr. puras me p\u00ebrdorime t\u00eb tilla, me p\u00ebrjashtim ndoshta t\u00eb greqishtes \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b2\u03c5\u03c2, por q\u00eb ka vler\u00eb laike, edhe substancialisht n\u00eb homerishten \u201c\u0397\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ac\u201d: preba, th\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb Vivias, vdekjes s\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb besuar defixio e famshme p\u00ebr t\u2019ia sjell\u00eb Cereresit, \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjti epitet, sigurisht me q\u00ebllim lavd\u00ebrues.<\/p>\n

Por n\u00ebse Petiedia, s\u00eb cil\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb kushtuar mbishkrimi i madh funeror nga Korfini; cerfum, sacaracirix semunu, dhe kjo d.m.th. \u2018Cererum sacordos Semonum\u2019 madhnohet si pristafalacirix prismu, d.m.th. \u201cantistikaprima = kryeprift\u00ebresh\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb termin teknik pristafalacirix gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin element pris- q\u00eb padyshim \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar funksionin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj prift\u00ebreshe, t\u00eb krahasuesh\u00ebm me at\u00eb t\u00eb Virgo Vestalis maxima. Edhe k\u00ebtu kemi s\u00eb paku pjes\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb kalk t\u00eb term\u00ebs oske?\u201d<\/p>\n

Kuptohet q\u00eb situata gjuh\u00ebsore ka karakter sinkretik. B\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nocione t\u00eb zanafill\u00ebs dhe praktikave t\u00eb her\u00ebshme sakrale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb form\u00ebsimin e struktur\u00ebs mitologjike t\u00eb gadishullit italik procesi i konvergimit \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar, ka funksionalizuar nd\u00ebrthurja e shum\u00eban\u00ebshme. Jan\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurur n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie shoq\u00ebrore. Pizani shton:<\/p>\n

\u201cMeqen\u00ebse n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt e Italis\u00eb pararomake b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb edhe greqishtja e kolonive helene n\u00eb Magna Graecias, do t\u00eb ishte rasti tani t\u00eb shihet n\u00ebse kan\u00eb ngjar\u00eb dhe n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019mas\u00eb kan\u00eb ngjar\u00eb influkse t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj greqishtjeje mbi mesapishten ose t\u00eb mesapishtes mbi greqishten: por kjo do t\u00eb na shpinte shum\u00eb larg. Do t\u00eb \u00e7ek vet\u00ebm shkurtazi dy fakte: nj\u00ebri ke, lidh\u00ebze, q\u00eb un\u00eb kam diktuar e nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb disa mbishkrime mesapike dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nga greqishtja und; tjetri lai- n\u00eb laudehiabas, pas mendimit tim nj\u00eb kompozit\u00eb e dehia- \u201cdea\u201d e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me sanskr. dev\u00ed etj., me nj\u00eb parashtes\u00eb lai- analoge me shqipen la- ose l\u00eb-, l- me vler\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuese ose shformuese (sh. La Piana, n\u00eb \u201cAlbania Nuova\u201d V, 2. 1957), me le- \u201cmezzo = gjysm\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb slav. l\u0115 z\u012dv\u016d \u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 (me sakt\u00ebsi: \u201cgjysm\u00eb gjall\u00eb\u201d), me \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9- ose \u03bb\u03b1- \u201cp\u00ebrforcuese\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Sh. Frisk n\u00eb fjalorin e tij etimologjik grek., v\u00ebll. II, k\u00ebshtuq\u00eb kushtimi laidehiabas logetibas do t\u00eb kuptohet \u201cgjysm\u00ebhyjneshave Parke\u201d: k\u00ebtu mund t\u00eb mendohet q\u00eb origjina t\u00eb jet\u00eb ilire dhe nga ilirishtja pjes\u00ebza t\u00eb ket\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb greqishten: vet\u00ebm, me an\u00eb t\u00eb Dor\u00ebve, apo n\u00eb Itali?<\/p>\n

Shpresoj t\u00eb kem v\u00ebn\u00eb disa baza p\u00ebr studimin e nj\u00eb problemi ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shtrihej edhe n\u00eb dialektet e sotme t\u00eb Puljes e t\u00eb Salentit, aty d.m.th. t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve t\u00eb ardhur nga Gadishulli Ballkanik n\u00eb bot\u00ebn italike pararomake, duke kontribuar p\u00ebr formimin e asaj \u201clatinishtje vulgare\u201d, proteiforme q\u00eb q\u00ebndron n\u00eb themel t\u00eb dialekteve jo vet\u00ebm italike por romane, nj\u00eb studim p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhej vargu i mesapikut Ennio i Rudiae, nj\u00eb nga poet\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb literatur\u00ebs latine:<\/p>\n

\u201cNos sumus Romani, qui fuimus ante Rudini\u201d<\/p>\n

(Ne tani jemi romak\u00eb, q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb qem\u00eb Rudin\u00eb)\u201d<\/p>\n

Disa mendime:<\/p>\n

Pizani b\u00ebn p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme dhe t\u00eb st\u00ebrholluara p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e pranis\u00eb s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut duke p\u00ebrdorur instrumentet gjuh\u00ebsor\u00eb.
\nPor studimi linguistik, leksikor, morfologjik dhe sintaktik do t\u00eb ishte i mang\u00ebt pa studimin material arkeologjik. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrafsh zbulimet dhe studimet e arkeologut italian Francesko D\u2019Andria p\u00ebr kultur\u00ebn nekropolitike t\u00eb mesap\u00ebve dhe japig\u00ebve n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut jan\u00eb gjithashtu t\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie substanciale, bazore dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb plot\u00ebsim i domosdosh\u00ebm. Fjala vjen qarku i dalluesh\u00ebm i m\u00ebnyrave dhe dekoracionit t\u00eb qeramik\u00ebs mesape dhe japige flet n\u00eb favor t\u00eb nj\u00eb popullsie ilire q\u00eb e konservon dhe e shtjellon tradit\u00ebn e vet n\u00eb procesin e hapur t\u00eb integrimit shekullor italik me popullsi t\u00eb tjera etnike.
\nEnde mungon sinteza midis gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe arkeologjis\u00eb p\u00ebr studimin e ilir\u00ebve n\u00eb Itali, q\u00eb gjuh\u00ebtar\u00ebt dhe arkeolog\u00ebt t\u00eb mos punojn\u00eb ve\u00e7 e ve\u00e7 por s\u00ebbashku bazuar n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e kronologjis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja disiplinat p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin subjekt shkencor.<\/p>\n

Nga: Moikom Zeqo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paul Kre\u00e7mer (1866-1956) ka qen\u00eb profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Marburgut i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb krahasimtare, m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Universitetin e Vjen\u00ebs. M\u00eb 1896 botoi vepr\u00ebn \u201cEinleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache\u201d (\u201cHyrje n\u00eb historin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebs greke\u201d). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr pioniere ky dijetar i kushton mbi 40 faqe ilir\u00ebve dhe rolin e tyre n\u00eb hershm\u00ebri. Kre\u00e7mer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/iliret.jpg?fit=620%2C412&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-1gg","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":100039,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/zbulohet-origjina-e-hantavirusit-qe-pushtoi-kroceren-dhe-ka-alarmuar-boten-burimi-i-perhapjes-ishte-ne\/","url_meta":{"origin":4852,"position":0},"title":"Zbulohet origjina e Hantavirusit q\u00eb \u2018pushtoi\u2019 kro\u00e7er\u00ebn dhe ka alarmuar bot\u00ebn, burimi i p\u00ebrhapjes ishte n\u00eb\u2026","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 8, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"8 Maji 2026 Argjentina \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00eb hetimi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, pas nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimi t\u00eb Hantavirusit n\u00eb anijen turistike holandeze MV Hondius, me autoritetet q\u00eb po hetojn\u00eb nj\u00eb deponi (habitat, zon\u00eb t\u00eb kontaminuar) n\u00eb periferi t\u00eb Ushuaia-s, n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb vendit, si nj\u00eb burim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm infeksioni. Sipas\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/argjentine-hantavirusi-1140x570-1.jpg?fit=1140%2C570&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/argjentine-hantavirusi-1140x570-1.jpg?fit=1140%2C570&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/argjentine-hantavirusi-1140x570-1.jpg?fit=1140%2C570&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/argjentine-hantavirusi-1140x570-1.jpg?fit=1140%2C570&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/argjentine-hantavirusi-1140x570-1.jpg?fit=1140%2C570&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":100126,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/prokurimi-publik-rama-per-pak-ia-kemi-kaluar-suedise-gjermanise-edhe-frances\/","url_meta":{"origin":4852,"position":1},"title":"Prokurimi Publik, Rama: – P\u00ebr pak, ia kemi kaluar Suedis\u00eb, Gjermanis\u00eb edhe Franc\u00ebs","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 11, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"11 Maji 2026 Kryeministri Edi Rama dhe Drejtorja e P\u00ebrgjithshme e Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Prokurimit Publik, Reida Kashta zhvilluan nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb p\u00ebr mediat, ku fol\u00ebn mbi procesin dhe se ku q\u00ebndron sot Shqip\u00ebria n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e prokurimeve publike. 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