{"id":43526,"date":"2021-01-29T12:27:34","date_gmt":"2021-01-29T12:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=43526"},"modified":"2021-01-29T12:27:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T12:27:34","slug":"libri-historia-e-shpikjes-me-magjike-dhe-hapat-qe-pershkoi-koherave-nga-pllakat-e-argjiles-deri-tek-digjitalizimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/libri-historia-e-shpikjes-me-magjike-dhe-hapat-qe-pershkoi-koherave-nga-pllakat-e-argjiles-deri-tek-digjitalizimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Libri, historia e shpikjes m\u00eb magjike dhe hapat q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkoi koh\u00ebrave nga pllakat e argjil\u00ebs deri tek digjitalizimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Libri, historia e shpikjes m\u00eb magjike dhe hapat q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkoi koh\u00ebrave nga pllakat e argjil\u00ebs deri tek digjitalizimi<\/p>\n

Edhe pse nj\u00eb koncepti i librit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i caktuar faqesh brenda nj\u00eb kopertine, librat kan\u00eb marr\u00eb forma kaq t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe munges\u00ebn e faqeve, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u hapur apo rishkrimi madje edhe nd\u00ebrveprimi p\u00ebrmes lidhjeve. N\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb t\u00eb dominuar nga interneti dhe nga mjetet digjitale, libri ka ndryshuar, por thelbi mbetet; nj\u00eb objekt komunikimi dhe transmetimi t\u00eb gamave m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb njohjes, informacionit dhe t\u00eb shprehjes artistike dhe letrare.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht mungesave teknologjike, qenia njer\u00ebzore gjithmon\u00eb e ka gjetur m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb regjistruar \u00ebndrrat, d\u00ebshirat, ankthet, hijet dhe pyetjet e pafundme. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ka shkruar mbi gur\u00eb, pllaka argjile, n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00eb kafsh\u00ebsh apo edhe n\u00eb materiale vegjetale si papiruset egjiptiane. K\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite si baza kryesore e shkrimit p\u00ebr disa kultura. Me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin q\u00ebllim jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur pllaka fildishi dhe gjethet e drurit.<\/p>\n

Kopjimi me dor\u00eb<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb librat e par\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb manastire n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Mesjet\u00ebs, nga shek III ku pun\u00ebsoheshin njer\u00ebz t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb pas studimeve dhe kopjonin dokumente t\u00eb konsideruara t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Murgjit e manastireve ishin si t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar profesionist\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb shkrimet liturgjike i kushtonin koh\u00eb edhe kopjimit dhe shp\u00ebtimit t\u00eb librave klasik\u00eb t\u00eb antikitetit. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb or\u00ebve t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb shkrimit k\u00ebta njihen si kodik\u00eb, libra t\u00eb shkruar me dor\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga fletore t\u00eb palosura dhe t\u00eb qepura.<\/p>\n

Libri i shtypur<\/p>\n

Libri i shtypur m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb njihet \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cSutra e diamantit\u201d q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtypur 600 vjet m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se Bibla e Gutenbergut. Nuk b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr librin e par\u00eb t\u00eb shtypur, por p\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetrin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb. Rezulton se n\u00eb vitin 868 kinezi wang Chieh ose Wang Jie, sipas burimeve, autorizoi shtypjen dhe shp\u00ebrndarjen e k\u00ebsaj vepre q\u00eb mbledh dhe transmeton fjal\u00ebn e Bud\u00ebs. U gjet nga arkeologu britaniko-hungarez, Aurel Stein n\u00eb vitin 1907. Pergamena e shtypur \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjat\u00eb 5 metra dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb kushte mjaft t\u00eb mira n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb lag\u00ebshtir\u00ebs n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn sekrete t\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00ebs, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb qytetit Dunhuang, verilindje t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Teknika t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosura<\/p>\n

Ne e dim\u00eb se romak\u00ebt dhe kinez\u00ebt gjet\u00ebn forma shtypje t\u00eb teksteve apo e imazheve pa qen\u00eb nevoja t\u00eb kopjoheshin me dor\u00eb, me ndihm\u00ebn e pllakave dhe vulave q\u00eb lejonin shtypjen e disa ekzemplar\u00ebve. Megjithat\u00eb revolucioni i shtypjes ndodhi n\u00eb shek XV me shpikjen e shtypjes moderne. Johann Gutenberg i hyri pun\u00ebs t\u00eb krijonte modele druri p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn nga shkronjat e alfabetit q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb i mbushi me plumb. N\u00eb vitin 1449 u shtyp libri i par\u00eb \u201cmeshari i Kostanc\u00ebs\u201d n\u00eb shtypshkronj\u00ebn e Mainz n\u00eb Gjermani. Me shtypjen e Bibl\u00ebs, Vulgat\u00ebn, gutenbergu p\u00ebrsosi teknik\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb patur nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr q\u00eb n\u00eb dukje nuk do t\u00eb kishte ndryshim nga nj\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrparime<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi i librit pati nj\u00eb hov me mekanizmin e shtypjes n\u00eb shek XIX. Ky ndryshim k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqte k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn n\u00eb rritje p\u00ebr libra n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e industrializuara. N\u00eb shek e XX edhe pse n\u00eb konkurrenc\u00eb me mjete t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb informimit libri ruajti nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e dijes, n\u00eb shp\u00ebtimin dhe ruajtjen e informacionit. Lazerat ose printerat e m\u00ebdhenj reduktuan hapsirat e z\u00ebna nga makinerit\u00eb e shtypjes dhe krijuan shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb shtypjes n\u00eb tirazhe m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla. Sot p\u00ebrparimet kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar versione digjitale t\u00eb librave duke leht\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen n\u00eb forma t\u00eb reja leximi dhe qasje ndaj leximit t\u00eb librit.<\/p>\n

Nga Ana Sof\u00eda Ram\u00edrez Heatley<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Libri, historia e shpikjes m\u00eb magjike dhe hapat q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkoi koh\u00ebrave nga pllakat e argjil\u00ebs deri tek digjitalizimi Edhe pse nj\u00eb koncepti i librit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i caktuar faqesh brenda nj\u00eb kopertine, librat kan\u00eb marr\u00eb forma kaq t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe munges\u00ebn e faqeve, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u hapur apo rishkrimi madje edhe nd\u00ebrveprimi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":43527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","category-shoqerore"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/librat-800x450-1.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-bk2","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":100111,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/e-shnderroi-shtepine-ne-berat-ne-muze-artizania-tefta-qose-500-kostume-popullore-puna-e-nje-jete\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":0},"title":"E shnd\u00ebrroi sht\u00ebpin\u00eb n\u00eb Berat n\u00eb muze, artizania Tefta Qose: – 500 kostume popullore, puna e nj\u00eb jete","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 11, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"11 Mars 2026 N\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur shum\u00eb tradita rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb harrohen, Tefta Qose vazhdon t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb gjall\u00eb artin e krijimit t\u00eb veshjeve popullore. Prej disa vitesh, ajo e ka shnd\u00ebrruar sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e saj n\u00eb lagjen \u201cBarrikad\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb nj\u00eb muze t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, ku \u00e7do cep rr\u00ebfen histori, nd\u00ebrsa \u00e7do veshje\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kostumet-e-Tefta-Qoses-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kostumet-e-Tefta-Qoses-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kostumet-e-Tefta-Qoses-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kostumet-e-Tefta-Qoses-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Kostumet-e-Tefta-Qoses-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":100136,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/rreziku-nga-hantavirusi-vendet-qe-u-alarmuan-kishin-shtetasit-e-tyre-ne-anijen-turistike-epidemiologu-jo-vetem-minjte-mbartes-jane-edhe\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":1},"title":"Rreziku nga hantavirusi? \u201cVendet q\u00eb u alarmuan kishin shtetasit e tyre n\u00eb anijen turistike\u201d, epidemiologu: – Jo vet\u00ebm minjt\u00eb, mbart\u00ebs jan\u00eb edhe\u2026","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 12, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"12 Maji 2026 ...Kemi edhe mbart\u00ebs t\u00eb rinj, n\u00ebse deri dje kryesor ishin minjt\u00eb, tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re q\u00eb bart\u00ebs t\u00eb hantavirusit, jan\u00eb edhe lakuriq\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs, edhe urith\u00ebt por edhe n\u00eb disa raste peshqit\u2026\u201d Epidemiolog Laidon Shapo foli n\u00eb emisionin \u201cStudio24\u201d \u00a0p\u00ebr hantavirusin dhe shqet\u00ebsimet q\u00eb ka ngritur ky\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Njoftime Shtypi"","block_context":{"text":"Njoftime Shtypi","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/njoftime-shtypi\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/hantavirus.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/hantavirus.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/hantavirus.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/hantavirus.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/hantavirus.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":100123,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/fundi-i-nje-perandorie-roma-nuk-u-shkaterrua-nga-barbaret-thone-te-dhenat-nga-antropologjia-molekulare\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":2},"title":"Fundi i nj\u00eb Perandorie – Roma nuk u shkat\u00ebrrua nga barbar\u00ebt, thon\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga antropologjia molekulare","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 11, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"11 Maji 2026 Fundi i Perandoris\u00eb Romake t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit u verifikua n\u00eb vitin 476 dhe gjithnj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhur me migrimet n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb popullsive t\u00eb evrop\u00ebs veriore. Pushtimet barbare dhe momenti i mb\u00ebrritjes s\u00eb klaneve sh\u00ebnoi fundin e dominimit romak duke ndryshuar asetet shoq\u00ebrore dhe demografike t\u00eb gjith\u00eb konintentit. Por\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perandoria-romake.jpg?fit=1024%2C684&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perandoria-romake.jpg?fit=1024%2C684&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perandoria-romake.jpg?fit=1024%2C684&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perandoria-romake.jpg?fit=1024%2C684&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":100588,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/jonathan-pano-shpopullimi-nuk-eshte-rastesi-por-nje-axhende-e-qeverise\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":3},"title":"Jonathan Pano: – Shpopullimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi, por nj\u00eb axhend\u00eb e qeveris\u00eb","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 22, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"22 Maji 2026 I ftuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb studio televizive Jonathan Pano, an\u00ebtar i K\u00ebshillit Bashkiak t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs nga radh\u00ebt e opozit\u00ebs, ngriti alarmin p\u00ebr ritmet e shpopullimit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, duke iu referuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Eurostat dhe analizave t\u00eb ekspert\u00ebve t\u00eb demografis\u00eb. Sipas Panos, raportimet p\u00ebr rreth 29 mij\u00eb persona\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/nfk.jpg?fit=773%2C528&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/nfk.jpg?fit=773%2C528&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/nfk.jpg?fit=773%2C528&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/nfk.jpg?fit=773%2C528&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":101267,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/leter-e-hapur-socialisteve-shqiptare-zgjohuni\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":4},"title":"Let\u00ebr e hapur socialist\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb: – Zgjohuni!","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 8, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"8 Qershor 2026 Socialist\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb! An\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Socialiste! Deputet\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj partie! Zgjohuni! N\u00eb krye t\u00eb partis\u00eb keni nj\u00eb njeri q\u00eb ju komandon, k\u00ebrkon bindje pa kushte p\u00ebr \u00e7do gj\u00eb, ju fyen me gjuh\u00ebn dhe sjelljet e tij, ju n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmb dinjitetin n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u2019ju respektoj\u00eb, t\u00eb\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Screenshot_20260607_214742_Gallery-1.jpg?fit=720%2C552&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Screenshot_20260607_214742_Gallery-1.jpg?fit=720%2C552&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Screenshot_20260607_214742_Gallery-1.jpg?fit=720%2C552&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Screenshot_20260607_214742_Gallery-1.jpg?fit=720%2C552&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":101381,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/protesta-ka-zgjuar-nervin-qytetar-dhe-ka-promovuar-shqiperine-pozitivisht\/","url_meta":{"origin":43526,"position":5},"title":"Protesta ka zgjuar nervin qytetar dhe ka promovuar Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb pozitivisht","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 10, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"10 Qershor 2026 Gazetari Flori Gjini, i ftuar n\u00eb nje studio televizive, komentoi protestat qytetare q\u00eb po zhvillohen n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, duke i cil\u00ebsuar ato si nj\u00eb shprehje t\u00eb nj\u00eb fryme t\u00eb gjer\u00eb demokratike q\u00eb ka angazhuar shtresa t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb shqiptare, brenda dhe jasht\u00eb vendit. 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