{"id":42760,"date":"2021-01-09T17:06:37","date_gmt":"2021-01-09T17:06:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=42760"},"modified":"2021-01-09T17:06:37","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T17:06:37","slug":"manuali-432-vjecar-per-distancimin-shoqeror","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/manuali-432-vjecar-per-distancimin-shoqeror\/","title":{"rendered":"Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror<\/strong><\/p>\n

9 janar 2021<\/p>\n

Nga \u00a0Zaria Gorvett,\u00a0<\/strong>BBC<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1582, murtaja shp\u00ebrtheu n\u00eb qytetin Alghero, Sardenja.<\/p>\n

Ishte nj\u00eb marinar, q\u00eb vinte nga Marseja, 447 km p\u00ebrtej Detit Mesdhe, i cili mendohet q\u00eb ishte personi q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapi s\u00ebmundjen e murtaj\u00ebs n\u00eb qytetin e Alghero-s.<\/p>\n

Bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare t\u00eb asaj kohe, nj\u00eb historian i shekullit t\u00eb 18-t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoi se epidemia shkaktoi 6,000 viktima dhe vet\u00ebm 150 banor\u00eb mbijetuan. N\u00eb fakt, mendohet se epidemia vrau 60% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb qytetit, u hap\u00ebn varre masive, disa prej t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb edhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb situata mund t\u00eb kishte shkuar edhe m\u00eb keq, por murtaja n\u00eb Alghero u zhduk brenda 8 muajve.<\/p>\n

Fati i epidemis\u00eb u p\u00ebrcaktua nga nj\u00eb njeri dhe konceptimi i tij paraprak i distanc\u00ebs shoq\u00ebrore.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00ebmundja m\u00eb e keqe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pushtuar Europ\u00ebn dhe Azin\u00eb n\u00eb 1346 ishte murtaja e cila shkaktoi mbi 50 milion viktima n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Por megjith\u00ebse murtaja nuk ishte kurr\u00eb aq e rrezikshme sa n\u00eb fillim, mbeti nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje q\u00eb u p\u00ebrhap edhe n\u00eb shekujt e ardhsh\u00ebm. Murtaja ka prekur Parisin nj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do tre vite deri n\u00eb 1670, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb 1563 mendohet se 24% e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb Londr\u00ebs vdiq nga kjo s\u00ebmundje.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror<\/p><\/div>\n

Sigurisht q\u00eb beh\u00ebt fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb para shkenc\u00ebs moderne, ku mendohej se s\u00ebmundjet shkaktoheshin nga \u201cajri i ndotur\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trajtimet p\u00ebr murtaj\u00ebn ishin t\u00eb ndryshme nga larja me urine, deri tek m\u00eb e \u00e7uditshmja- nj\u00eb metod\u00eb popullore ishte p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb \u201chelmin\u201d duke f\u00ebrkuar ky\u00e7et e \u00ebnjtura me nj\u00eb pule t\u00eb gjall\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 shpjegojn\u00eb Benedictow dhe bashkautor\u00ebt e tij, vet\u00eb Alghero nuk ishte i p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb epidemi. Qyteti nuk kishte sisteme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb zhvilluara, dhe kishte shum\u00eb pak mjek\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ishin t\u00eb trajnuar.<\/p>\n

Quinto Tiberio Angelerio, nj\u00eb mjek tek t\u00eb 50, ishte trajnuar jasht\u00eb vendit, sepse n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb nuk kishte asnj\u00eb universitet n\u00eb Sardenj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt e Alghero, ai kishte mbijetuar nga nj\u00eb epidemi e murtaj\u00ebs n\u00eb 1575. Pacienti zero i Alghero \u00a0kishte \u00ebnjtje n\u00eb ky\u00e7e dhe, m\u00eb von\u00eb, dy gra vdiq\u00ebn nga simptoma t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes.<\/p>\n

Angelerio e kuptoi menj\u00ebher\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodhte. Instinkti i tij i par\u00eb ishte t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte leje p\u00ebr t\u00eb karantinuar pacient\u00ebt, por kjo q\u00eb gj\u00eb nuk u pranua. Fillimisht u vendos\u00ebn mure rreth qytetit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar \u00e7do tregti me njer\u00ebzit e tjer\u00eb, por kur murtaja filloi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapej gjer\u00ebsisht dhe shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz vdiq\u00ebn, atij iu besua plot\u00ebsisht detyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur shp\u00ebrthimin.<\/p>\n

Vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, ai botoi nj\u00eb manual, Ectypa Pestilentis Status Algheriae Sardiniae , duke sqaruar me detaje 57 rregulla q\u00eb ai i kishte vendosur.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror<\/p><\/div>\n

Rregullat p\u00ebrfshinin:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bllokimet<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, qytetar\u00ebt u k\u00ebshilluan t\u00eb mos largoheshin nga sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre. Sipas k\u00ebtyre rregullave, Angelerio gjithashtu ndaloi t\u00eb gjitha takimet dhe vendet e arg\u00ebtimit dhe caktoi vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb person p\u00ebr familje p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pazaret, nj\u00eb rregull i njohur edhe gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n

Bllokimet nuk ishin unike p\u00ebr Alghero-n. \u201cN\u00eb Firence, p\u00ebr shembull, ata vendos\u00ebn nj\u00eb karantin\u00eb totale t\u00eb qytetit n\u00eb pranver\u00ebn e 1631\u201d, thot\u00eb John Henderson, nj\u00eb profesor i historis\u00eb s\u00eb Rilindjes Italiane n\u00eb Birkbeck, Universiteti i Londr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Padyshim q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit ishin t\u00eb paduruar\u201d, thot\u00eb Henderson. Njer\u00ebzit krijuan m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcyer m\u00ebrzin\u00eb totale t\u00eb izolimit.<\/p>\n

Distancimi social<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb rregull tjet\u00ebr ishte distanca deri n\u00eb \u00a0gjasht\u00eb metra, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin Angelerio udh\u00ebzoi q\u00eb \u2013 si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer nga ekipi i Benedictow \u2013 \u201cNjer\u00ebzit q\u00eb lejohen t\u00eb dalin duhet t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb deri n\u00eb 6 metra nga njeri-tjetri.<\/p>\n

Ka rezultuar se politika e Shekullit 16 ka qen\u00eb e duhura.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb Covid-19, shum\u00eb vende n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn miratuan nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme \u00a0duke rekomanduar q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb \u00a0dy metra larg njeri-tjetrit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shum\u00eb vende, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, Franc\u00eb, Singapor, Koren\u00eb e Jugut dhe Gjermani, distanca minimale \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ose nj\u00eb met\u00ebr e gjysm\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Por rezulton se politika e Shekullit 16 mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e duhur t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs: nj\u00eb studim vler\u00ebsoi se rreziku i transmetimit t\u00eb Covid-19 n\u00eb nj\u00eb met\u00ebr mund t\u00eb ishte midis dy dhe 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se rreziku n\u00eb dy metra .<\/p>\n

Angelerio gjithashtu rekomandoi njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb shmangnin kontaktin fizik dhe shtr\u00ebngimin e duarve.<\/p>\n

Dezinfektoni ato \u00e7far\u00eb blini<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rilindja mbahet mend gjer\u00ebsisht si nj\u00eb epok\u00eb e art\u00eb e filozofis\u00eb klasike, let\u00ebrsis\u00eb dhe posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht artit, kur Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael dhe Leonardo (da Vinci) \u2013 artist\u00ebt italian\u00eb transformuan bot\u00ebn e artit me veprat\u00a0 e tyre.<\/p>\n

Pastaj rreth vitit 1500, mendimtar\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb krijuan iden\u00eb se s\u00ebmundjet ishin shkaktuar nga \u201cajri i ndotur\u201d, dhe nj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb ata menduan se ishte m\u00eb e rrezikshmja ishin industrit\u00eb e\u00a0 tekstilit.<\/p>\n

\u201cUn\u00eb shoh nj\u00eb lidhje midis zhvillimit t\u00eb Rilindjes dhe aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb Shekullit 16 p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se si u p\u00ebrhap s\u00ebmundja\u201d, thot\u00eb Benedictow.<\/p>\n

\u201cAngelerio e kuptoi q\u00eb ajo u p\u00ebrhap nga kontaktet q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit kishin me njeri-tjetrin\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00c7do sht\u00ebpi duhet t\u00eb dezinfektohej, nd\u00ebrsa \u00a0objektet e vjetra duhej t\u00eb digjeshin. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ishte gjithashtu e zakonshme t\u00eb dezinfektoheshin mallrat kur mb\u00ebrrinin \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ato nga anijet.<\/p>\n

\u201cNj\u00eb nga gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb ata menduan se ishte m\u00eb e rrezikshmja ishin tekstilet\u201d, thot\u00eb Alex Bamji, nj\u00eb historiane sociale dhe e kultur\u00ebs t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb hershme moderne nga Universiteti i Leeds.<\/p>\n

Pasaportat sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb popullore p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar p\u00ebrhapjen \u00a0e murtaj\u00ebs ishte t\u00eb kontrollohej me kujdes gjendja sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore e personave q\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin. Megjith\u00ebse sistemi d\u00ebshtoi n\u00eb Alghero, n\u00eb disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs duket se funksionoi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa raste, autoritetet l\u00ebshuan dokumente, duke i mund\u00ebsuar personave q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, dokumente q\u00eb sot njihen si pasaporta sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

Kur filloi pandemia Covid-19, koncepti i \u201cpasaportave sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore\u201d u ringjall. Koh\u00ebt e fundit disa aeroporte nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u2013 p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Londr\u00ebn, Nju Jorkun, Hong Kongun dhe Singaporin \u2013 kan\u00eb aprovuar \u201d CommonPass \u201c, nj\u00eb dokument digjital q\u00eb tregon t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb vaksinimit.<\/p>\n

Ideja \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb konfirmohet leht\u00ebsisht statusi i tyre i infeksionit duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb udh\u00ebtimet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurta dhe m\u00eb efikase.<\/p>\n

Karantina<\/strong><\/p>\n

Italia ishte nj\u00eb pioniere e hershme e izolimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb dyshoheshin se ishin t\u00eb infektuar me s\u00ebmundjen e murtaj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Spitali i par\u00eb i murtaj\u00ebs u krijua n\u00eb Venecia n\u00eb 1423 \u00a0dhe ata kishin pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr pacient\u00ebt aktiv\u00eb p\u00ebrkundrejt atyre q\u00eb po sh\u00ebroheshin ose q\u00eb kishin pasur\u00a0 kontakt me dik\u00eb t\u00eb infektuar. Deri n\u00eb vitin 1576, qyteti kishte deri n\u00eb 8,000 njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ishin aktiv\u00eb dhe rreth 10,000 q\u00eb kishin pasur\u00a0 kontakt m\u00eb dik\u00eb t\u00eb infektuar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht spitalet u b\u00ebn\u00eb pjes\u00eb e modelit standard p\u00ebr trajtimin e s\u00ebmundjes dhe u hap\u00ebn spitale t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u00a0n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Italin\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Sardenj\u00ebn. Rreth gjysma e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb \u00a0u trajtuan n\u00eb spital p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq humb\u00ebn jet\u00ebn por gjysma tjet\u00ebr arriti t\u00eb rikuperohej dhe t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rr\u00ebfimin e Angelerios p\u00ebr spitalet n\u00eb Alghero, ai tha se spitalet kishin kushtet e duhura.<\/p>\n

Kafsh\u00ebt e ngordhura<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb midis masave t\u00eb marra kund\u00ebr shp\u00ebrthimeve n\u00eb shekullin 16 dhe pandemis\u00eb\u00a0 sot, ka disa ndryshime thelb\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Sardenj\u00ebn e Rilindjes, bes\u00ebtytnia dhe feja ishin ende element\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb planeve epidemiologjike t\u00eb Angelerios \u2013 ai i tha popullit se murtaja ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebshkim hyjnor dhe i paralajm\u00ebroi ata q\u00eb t\u00eb silleshin mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull \u00ebsht\u00eb udh\u00ebzimi q\u00eb \u201cgjelat dhe macet duhet t\u00eb vriteshin dhe t\u00eb hidheshin n\u00eb det\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ky ishte nj\u00eb reagim \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht i zakonsh\u00ebm ndaj nj\u00eb epidemie \u2013 autori Daniel Defoe raportoi se, gjat\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 1665 n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, kryebashkiaku urdh\u00ebroi therjen e 40,000 qenve dhe 200,000 maceve.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, ky ekzekutim masiv i kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb qytetit mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur efektin e kund\u00ebrt me at\u00eb t\u00eb synuar \u2013 meqen\u00ebse minjt\u00eb jan\u00eb bart\u00ebs t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Deri p\u00ebrpara vitit 2020, megjith\u00ebse ka prova t\u00eb forta se macet dhe qent\u00eb mund t\u00eb infektohen me Covid-19, shum\u00eb qendra bamir\u00ebsie t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve sht\u00ebpiake kan\u00eb raportuar num\u00ebr rekord t\u00eb bir\u00ebsimeve muajt e fundit, me nj\u00eb deg\u00eb t\u00eb RSPCA n\u00eb Australi duke raportuar 20,000 aplikime q\u00eb nga fillimi i pandemis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrthimi zgjati p\u00ebr tet\u00eb muaj dhe m\u00eb pas qyteti nuk pa nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr epidemi t\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs p\u00ebr 60 vite.<\/p>\n

Sipas pik\u00ebpamjes s\u00eb Benedictow, krahasimet midis murtaj\u00ebs dhe Covid-19 duhet par\u00eb me skepticiz\u00ebm. \u201cMurtaja ka pasur nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebrie shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe,\u201d thot\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror<\/p><\/div>\n

Pra, \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi me banor\u00ebt e Alghero?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrthimi zgjati p\u00ebr tet\u00eb muaj dhe m\u00eb pas qyteti nuk pa nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr epidemi t\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs p\u00ebr 60 vite \u2013 por kur ndodhi, gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebn\u00eb praktikuan manualin e Angelerio.<\/p>\n

Marinari fatkeq, i cili arriti n\u00eb Alghero gati kat\u00ebr shekuj e gjysm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb shkaktari i \u00a0nj\u00eb epidemie, por gjithashtu kjo rezultoi n\u00eb di\u00e7ka pozitive: n\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs p\u00ebr higjien\u00ebn dhe distancimin shoq\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Gazeta Dita<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Manuali 432-vje\u00e7ar p\u00ebr distancimin shoq\u00ebror 9 janar 2021 Nga \u00a0Zaria Gorvett,\u00a0BBC N\u00eb vitin 1582, murtaja shp\u00ebrtheu n\u00eb qytetin Alghero, Sardenja. Ishte nj\u00eb marinar, q\u00eb vinte nga Marseja, 447 km p\u00ebrtej Detit Mesdhe, i cili mendohet q\u00eb ishte personi q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapi s\u00ebmundjen e murtaj\u00ebs n\u00eb qytetin e Alghero-s. Bazuar n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare t\u00eb asaj kohe, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":42761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27,85,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogu-i-udhetarit","category-histori","category-kultura"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Capture-43-640x369-1.jpg?fit=640%2C369&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-b7G","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":31748,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/zbulohet-vendi-i-shenjte-2600-vjecar-ne-rome-mendohej-se-ishte-varri-i-mbretit-qe-themeloi-qytetin\/","url_meta":{"origin":42760,"position":0},"title":"Zbulohet vendi i shenjt\u00eb 2600-vje\u00e7ar n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, mendohej se ishte varri i mbretit q\u00eb themeloi qytetin","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"February 24, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Zbulohet vendi i shenjt\u00eb 2600-vje\u00e7ar n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, mendohej se ishte varri i mbretit q\u00eb themeloi qytetin 23 shkurt \u00a02020 Nj\u00eb varr i lasht\u00eb q\u00eb besohet se ishte edhe \u201cbanesa e fundit\u201d e Mbretit legjendar t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs, Romulit, \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar p\u00ebr publikun p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes fotografive. 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