{"id":41404,"date":"2020-11-30T18:59:01","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T18:59:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=41404"},"modified":"2020-11-30T18:59:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T18:59:01","slug":"jeta-e-panjohur-e-sofokliut-mjeshtrit-te-tragjedive-te-lashta-greke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/jeta-e-panjohur-e-sofokliut-mjeshtrit-te-tragjedive-te-lashta-greke\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeta e panjohur e Sofokliut, mjeshtrit t\u00eb tragjedive t\u00eb lashta greke"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Sofokliu<\/p><\/div>\n

Jeta e panjohur e Sofokliut, mjeshtrit t\u00eb tragjedive t\u00eb lashta greke<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sofokliu, ishte nj\u00eb dramaturg q\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Lasht\u00eb gjat\u00eb shekullit V-t\u00eb Para Krishtit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga 3 shkrimtar\u00ebt grek\u00eb t\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb (dy t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt jan\u00eb Eskili dhe Euripidi), veprat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kan\u00eb mbijetuar deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme.<\/p>\n

Ai shkroi n\u00eb total 123 drama, nga t\u00eb cilat vet\u00ebm 7 kan\u00eb mbijetuar t\u00eb plota:\u201dAjaksi\u201d, \u201cAntigona\u201d, \u201cGrat\u00eb e Trakis\u00eb\u201d, \u201cEdipi Mbret\u201d, \u201cElektra\u201d, \u201cFiloktet\u00ebt\u201d dhe \u201cEdipi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb\u201d. Si shum\u00eb emra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb grek\u00eb, emri \u201cSofokli\u201d ka nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kombinim i dy fjal\u00ebve greke \u2018sophos\u2019 dhe \u2018kleos\u2019, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht \u201ci men\u00e7ur\u201d dhe \u201ci famsh\u00ebm\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pra emri i k\u00ebtij dramaturgu t\u00eb lasht\u00eb grek, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehet si \u201ci famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr men\u00e7urin\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e tij dihen pak gj\u00ebra, dhe shum\u00eb detaje kan\u00eb humbur p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb historis\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull thuhet q\u00eb ai lindi disa vjet para Betej\u00ebs s\u00eb Maraton\u00ebs (viti 490 Para Krishtit).<\/p>\n

Viti i sakt\u00eb i lindjes mbetet i panjohur, edhe pse jan\u00eb sugjeruar vitet 497 ose 496. Sofokliu lindi n\u00eb Kolonus Hipius, nj\u00eb zon\u00eb rurale n\u00eb veri-per\u00ebndim t\u00eb Athin\u00ebs. Babai i tij Sofilusi, thuhet se ishte marangoz. Por burime t\u00eb tjera pretendojn\u00eb se ai ishte nj\u00eb hekurpunues.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb sugjeruar se ai mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb fisnik i pasur, q\u00eb kishte skllev\u00ebr marangoz\u00eb dhe hekurupunues. Sidoqoft\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta, familja e Sofokliut i kishte mjetet financiare p\u00ebr t\u2019i siguruar atij nj\u00eb arsimim t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Edhe pse vler\u00ebsohet si dramaturg, ai ka pasur nj\u00eb jet\u00eb publike shum\u00eb aktive. Sipas disa d\u00ebshmive, kur ishte i ri Sofokliu shk\u00eblqeu n\u00eb sportin e mundjes dhe n\u00eb muzik\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 480, grek\u00ebt mund\u00ebn ushtrin\u00eb e madhe perse n\u00eb Betej\u00ebn e Salamin\u00ebs. Gjat\u00eb fest\u00ebs s\u00eb fitores, Sofokli u p\u00ebrzgjodh q\u00eb t\u00eb udh\u00ebhiqte korin.<\/p>\n

Ne vitet 443-442 Para Krishtit, Sofokliu sh\u00ebrbeu si nj\u00eb nga hellenotamiae. Ky ishte nj\u00eb grup prej 10 ark\u00ebtar\u00ebsh (nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues p\u00ebr secilin nga 10 fiset athinase), q\u00eb administronin thesarin e Lidhjen Deliane. Dhe n\u00eb vitet 441-440, ai u zgjodh si nj\u00eb nga dhjet\u00eb strateg\u00ebt (gjeneral\u00ebt).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Athina ishte n\u00eb luft\u00eb me qytet-shtetin e Samosit, dhe Sofokliu si gjeneral, do t\u00eb kontribuonte n\u00eb fitoren e Athin\u00ebs. Sofokliu mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si strateg edhe n\u00eb 2 raste t\u00eb tjera. N\u00eb vitin 413 Para Krishtit, kur ishte rreth 80 vje\u00e7, ai u em\u00ebrua si \u2018provoulos\u2019, nj\u00eb pozicion q\u00eb u krijua n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb Ekspedit\u00ebs Si\u00e7iliane, e cila u nis nga Athina gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Peloponezit.<\/p>\n

Sofokliu ishte nj\u00eb nga 10 komisioner\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve iu ngarkua detyra e organizimit t\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes s\u00eb brendshme dhe financiare t\u00eb qytet-shtetit pas asaj ekspedite katastrofike. Akti i fundit i njohur i Sofoklesit, ishte drejtimit i korit gjat\u00eb homazheve me rastin e vdekjes s\u00eb Euripidit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb moment, Sofokliu sh\u00ebrbeu edhe si prift i Halonit, dhe iu besua futja e statuj\u00ebs s\u00eb Per\u00ebndis\u00eb Asklepius n\u00eb Athin\u00eb. Pretendohet se kjo Per\u00ebndi i dha Sofokliut sh\u00ebndet dhe energji n\u00eb vitet e fundit t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, kan\u00eb mbijetuar edhe disa informacione t\u00eb tjera rreth familjes s\u00eb Sofokliut.<\/p>\n

Ai kishte t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2 djem, Iofoni, n\u00ebna e t\u00eb cilit ishte nj\u00eb grua athinase me emrin Nikostrat, dhe Aristoni, n\u00ebna e t\u00eb cilit ishte Teorisi nga Sikioni. Iofoni u b\u00eb i njohur si nj\u00eb poet tragjik, nd\u00ebrsa Aristoni pati nj\u00eb djal\u00eb, t\u00eb quajtur gjithashtu Sofokli, i cili u b\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr tragjedit\u00eb e tij.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb, Sofokliu i ri u p\u00ebrfshi n\u00eb v\u00ebnien n\u00eb sken\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqjeve t\u00eb gjyshit t\u00eb tij. Historiani grek Plutarku shkruan n\u00eb librin e tij \u201cMoralia\u201d t\u00eb shekullit I t\u00eb Er\u00ebs Son\u00eb, mbi nj\u00eb konflikt familjar mes Sofokliu dhe djalit t\u00eb tij Iofonit. Plutarku raporton se Sofokli u nxorr n\u00eb gjyq nga Iofoni me akuz\u00ebn e \u00e7menduris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, Sofokli i moshuar e mbrojti shk\u00eblqyer veten e tij, duke recituar me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebn hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb korit n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cEdipi n\u00eb Kolon\u00eb\u201d. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb shfaqjes, \u201ck\u00ebnga ngjalli nj\u00eb admirim t\u00eb atill\u00eb, saq\u00eb u duartrokit nga gjykata si t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb teat\u00ebr, shoq\u00ebruar nga duartrokitjet dhe brohorimat e t\u00eb pranishm\u00ebve\u201d.<\/p>\n

Po si vdiq Sofokliu? Ai mendohet se ka vdekur n\u00eb vitin 406 ose 405 Para Krishtit, jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pas Euripidit. Mbi m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e vdekjes s\u00eb tij ka disa histori. Nj\u00ebri prej tyre, pohon se dramaturgu vdiq pasi u mbyt aksidentalisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb fucoi t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb mbushur me l\u00ebng rrushi.<\/p>\n

Sipas varianteve t\u00eb tjera, ai nd\u00ebrroi jet\u00eb teksa po recitonte publikisht \u201cAntigon\u00ebn\u201d, apo si rezultat i g\u00ebzimit t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt pas nj\u00eb fitore dramatike t\u00eb Athin\u00ebs. Gjithsesi, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e vdekjes s\u00eb Sofokliut, Athina ishte ende e angazhuar n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Peloponezit, dhe u sulmua nga Sparta.<\/p>\n

Sipas legjend\u00ebs, per\u00ebndia Dionis iu shfaq n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr gjeneralit spartan q\u00eb po sulmonte qytetin. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, ai pranoi arm\u00ebpushimin, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb dramaturgu i famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb mund t\u00eb varrosej n\u00eb varrezat e familjes s\u00eb tij jasht\u00eb qytetit.<\/p>\n

Sofokliu u adhurua si hero pas vdekjes s\u00eb tij, dhe \u00e7do vit n\u00eb nderim t\u00eb tij sakrifikoheshin kafsh\u00eb. Sofokliu ishte jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb dramaturg i mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb, por edhe shum\u00eb popullor dhe i suksessh\u00ebm. Tragjedia e lasht\u00eb greke, i ka rr\u00ebnj\u00ebt n\u00eb \u201ck\u00ebng\u00ebt korale t\u00eb k\u00ebnduara p\u00ebr heronjt\u00eb dhe hyjnit\u00eb greke\u201d.<\/p>\n

Duke shtuar aktor\u00ebt, grek\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb i shnd\u00ebrruan k\u00ebng\u00ebt korale n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb re arti: tragjedin\u00eb. Besohet se ky ndryshim ndodhi gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VI Para Krishtit, edhe pse vepra m\u00eb e hershme tragjike q\u00eb ka mbijetuar, \u201cPersian\u00ebt\u201d e Eskilit, daton n\u00eb vitin 472 Para Krishtit. Tragjedia e lasht\u00eb greke, nuk ishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb form\u00eb arg\u00ebtimi, por edhe nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebrmes s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb trajtoheshin \u00e7\u00ebshtjet politike dhe sociale t\u00eb dit\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Dhe kjo d\u00ebshmohet m\u00eb s\u00eb miri tek tragjedit\u00eb q\u00eb shkroi Sofokliu. Gara midis dramaturg\u00ebve n\u00eb Qytetin Dionisia p\u00ebrfshinte 3 t\u00eb till\u00eb, ku secili shkruante dhe vinte ne sken\u00eb 3 tragjedi, bazuar mbi nj\u00eb tem\u00eb t\u00eb vetme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 3 tragjedive, \u00e7do dramaturgu i k\u00ebrkohej t\u00eb shkruante edhe nj\u00eb dram\u00eb satir\u00eb, nj\u00eb tragjikomedi q\u00eb trajtonte me humor nj\u00eb personazh heroik.<\/p>\n

An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e juris\u00eb caktoheshin me short, dhe dramaturgu m\u00eb i mir\u00eb fitonte nj\u00eb \u00e7mim. Duke pasur parasysh se Sofokliu shkroi 123 drama, mund t\u00eb supozohet se ai mori pjes\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 30 konkurse t\u00eb tilla. Thuhet se ai fitoi rreth 20 her\u00eb vendin e par\u00eb n\u00eb Dionisia, me her\u00ebn e par\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 468 Para Krishtit, kur mundi Eskilin.<\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00eb garat ku nuk fitoi \u00e7mimin e par\u00eb, Sofokliu u rendit i dyti. Nga 7 dramat e mbijetuara deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona, Edipi Mbret konsiderohet si vepra e tij m\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Kjo tragjedi u shkrua rreth vitit 425 Para Krishtit, dhe u rendit e dyta n\u00eb gar\u00ebn e dramaturgjis\u00eb n\u00eb Qytetin Dionisia. \u00c7mimin e par\u00eb, e mori at\u00eb vit nipi i Sofokliut, Filoklesi.<\/p>\n

\u201cEdipi Mbret\u201d flet mbi personazhin mitik t\u00eb Edipit, djalin e mbretit Laius t\u00eb Teb\u00ebs dhe gruas s\u00eb tij, Jokasta. Sipas nj\u00eb profecie Edipi do t\u00eb vriste t\u00eb atin, dhe do t\u00eb martohej me n\u00ebn\u00ebn e tij. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur p\u00ebrmbushjen e saj, ai u braktis q\u00eb foshnje n\u00eb mal, q\u00eb ta vrisnin kafsh\u00ebt e egra.<\/p>\n

Por foshnja u shp\u00ebtua nga nj\u00eb bari, dhe u rrit n\u00eb oborrin e mbretit Polib t\u00eb Korintit dhe gruas s\u00eb tij. Kur Edipi e d\u00ebgjoi profecin\u00eb, vendos t\u00eb largohet nga Korinti, duke besuar se mbreti dhe mbret\u00ebresha ishin prind\u00ebrit e tij t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Rrug\u00ebs ndesh rast\u00ebsisht Laisuin t\u00eb cilin e vret.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb, mb\u00ebrrin n\u00eb Teb\u00eb, e shp\u00ebton qytetin nga Sfinksi duke iu p\u00ebrgjigjur sakt\u00eb enigm\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, dhe shp\u00ebrblehet me fronin e mbret\u00ebris\u00eb, dhe bashkimin n\u00eb martes\u00eb me Jokast\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb, kur Edipi nuk e dinte se po p\u00ebrmbushte n\u00eb fakt profecin\u00eb e shkruar mbi t\u00eb. Drama e Sofokliut nis pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb at\u00eb moment, dhe fillon me Teb\u00ebn e prekur nga nj\u00eb epidemi. Ajo u shkaktua nga Zotat, q\u00eb u zem\u00ebruan nga vrasja e babait nga Edipi dhe martesa incestuoze me t\u00eb \u00ebm\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Profeti i verb\u00ebr, Tirezias, i thot\u00eb Edipit se \u00ebsht\u00eb ai shkaktari i s\u00ebmundjes. Por mbreti nuk e kupton, duke besuar se Terezias po komploton kund\u00ebr tij me Kreonin, v\u00ebllain e Jokast\u00ebs, p\u00ebr ta rr\u00ebzuar nga froni. Nd\u00ebrsa Edipi heton shkakun e murtaj\u00ebs, e v\u00ebrteta zbulohet dal\u00ebngadal\u00eb. N\u00eb fillim, nj\u00eb ish-sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtor i Laiusit, i vetmi d\u00ebshmitar i mbijetuar i vrasjes, thirret nga Edipi.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, mb\u00ebrrin nj\u00eb lajm\u00ebtar nga Korinti, q\u00eb njofton p\u00ebr vdekjen e Polibit. Vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb Edipi m\u00ebson se ai kishte qen\u00eb i bir\u00ebsuar nga mbreti dhe mbret\u00ebresha e Korintit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb diskutimet pasuese midis Edipit, Jokast\u00ebs, sh\u00ebrb\u00ebtorit dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrguarit, zbulohet e v\u00ebrteta, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs Jokasta del nga skena. Pak m\u00eb von\u00eb, Edipi e kupton at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodhte, dhe del edhe ai nga skena. Nga kori, m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se Jokasta kishte varur veten, nd\u00ebrsa kur zbuloi trupin e saj Edipi e vet\u00ebverbua me spilat e fustanit t\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebt e Edipit dhe t\u00eb Jokast\u00ebs, lihen n\u00ebn kujdestarin\u00eb e Kreonit, nd\u00ebrsa mbreti d\u00ebbohet. Tematikat e trajtuara nga Sofokliu tek \u201cEdipi Mbret\u201d, vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb aktuale edhe sot. Teknika dramatike e p\u00ebrdorur, pra ndryshimi midis nd\u00ebrgjegjes s\u00eb audienc\u00ebs mbi ngjarjet dhe ato t\u00eb personazheve, p\u00ebrdoret akoma n\u00eb koh\u00ebt moderne, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar gjendjen e pezullimit. \u00c7\u00ebshtjet e eksploruara tek kjo drama rezonojn\u00eb ende sot. K\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfshihet injoranca si nj\u00eb kufizim universal njer\u00ebzor, dhe pashmangshm\u00ebria e fatit. Pra edhe pse u shkruan m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2 mij\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, dramat e Sofokliut mbeten edhe sot t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, edhe pse specifikat mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb ndryshuar.<\/p>\n

Nga Bota Sot<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jeta e panjohur e Sofokliut, mjeshtrit t\u00eb tragjedive t\u00eb lashta greke Sofokliu, ishte nj\u00eb dramaturg q\u00eb jetoi n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Lasht\u00eb gjat\u00eb shekullit V-t\u00eb Para Krishtit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga 3 shkrimtar\u00ebt grek\u00eb t\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb (dy t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt jan\u00eb Eskili dhe Euripidi), veprat e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kan\u00eb mbijetuar deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Ai shkroi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":41405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27,85,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogu-i-udhetarit","category-histori","category-kultura"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/auto_321606507620.jpg?fit=850%2C502&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-aLO","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":67415,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/takohuni-me-perendite-e-lashta-egjiptiane\/","url_meta":{"origin":41404,"position":0},"title":"Takohuni me per\u00ebndit\u00eb e lashta egjiptiane","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"February 5, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"5 Shkurt 2023 Dwayne Johnson\u00a0portretizon nj\u00eb nga personazhet m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqij n\u00eb Universin DC n\u00eb filmin Black Adam. 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