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Moikom Zeqo: -Trinomi protoilir\u00ebt \u2013 ilir\u00ebt \u2013 shqiptar\u00ebt<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n 2018<\/span><\/p>\n Moikom Zeqo<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Ilirologjia dhe kerkimet shkencore per etnogjenezen iliro-shqiptare kane 27 vjet qe kane ngecur ne vend dhe ne boshllek.<\/span><\/p>\n Madje teza te kunderta\u00a0 dhe in extremis e mohojne ekuacionin shkencor te etnogjenezes iliro-shqiptare. Ne kete hulli po shkruaj per te treguar se ky ekuacion eshte i vertete duke ju referuar fakteve dhe teorive pozitiviste te shkences arkeologjike.Habitem si hesht Akademia e Shkencave e Shqiperise.<\/span><\/p>\n Dijetari dhe arkeologu spanjoll Pedro Bosch \u2013 Gimpera botoi n\u00eb vitin 1960 n\u00eb Mexico \u201cEl problema indoeuropeo\u201d me q\u00ebllimin e kuptuesh\u00ebm dhe ambicioz p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur teorit\u00eb kryesore p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e popujve indevropian\u00eb t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb kulturave t\u00eb tyre. Ky aksion i llojit t\u00eb enciklopedist\u00ebve francez\u00eb t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb iluminizmit ishte rezultat i nj\u00eb praktike paraardh\u00ebse t\u00eb dijes njer\u00ebzore. P.B.Gimpera n\u00eb librin e tij \u2013 i p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe q\u00eb e b\u00ebri at\u00eb t\u00eb famh\u00ebm, tenton t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb kronologji t\u00eb teorive kryesore p\u00ebr Origjin\u00ebn e popujve indevropian\u00eb, pra b\u00ebn nj\u00eb kompjuterizim dhe nj\u00eb skedim tejet t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm t\u00eb dijes deri n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht nga mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e pahmang\u00ebshme edhe n\u00eb librat t\u00eb kalibrit t\u00eb till\u00eb vepra e Gimperas e run vler\u00ebn e saj kulturore dhe informative.<\/span><\/p>\n Nga vitet 60\u2032 e deri tani, n\u00eb fundin e mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, teorit\u00eb p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn (m\u00eb sakt\u00eb origjinat) e popujve indevropian\u00eb kan\u00eb patur nj\u00eb zhvillim n\u00eb segmentin e dijes s\u00eb pozitivitizmit lingustik dhe zbulimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha arkeologjike. po mund t\u00eb thuhet se nuk ka ndryhsime konceptuale t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb rrafshet teorike dhe se problemi n\u00eb fjal\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb n\u00eb kund\u00ebrth\u00ebnien dhe ende rri pezull midis hipotez\u00ebs dhe tez\u00ebs. Kjo gj\u00ebndje e dyfisht\u00eb e dijes njer\u00ebzore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dialektik\u00eb sub eternitas.<\/span><\/p>\n Kuptueshm\u00ebria e gjenez\u00ebs (e ftill\u00ebzimit) \u00ebsht\u00eb motiv i p\u00ebrhehrsh\u00ebm i njeriut.<\/span><\/p>\n Kozmogonia qe p\u00ebrpjekja e par\u00eb e njeriut t\u00eb lasht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhur mitin me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn. Miti b\u00ebn spjegime t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebshme me metafora poetike t\u00eb fuqishme e t\u00eb paharrueshme. Te kinez\u00ebt, babilonasit, egjiptian\u00ebt e grek\u00ebrit e vjet\u00ebr kozmogonia qe nj\u00eb modus vivendi e kuptimeve p\u00ebr ftill\u00ebzimin universal. Prandaj kozmogonia ishte n\u00eb substanc\u00eb mitike dhe nj\u00eb parath\u00ebnie tep\u00ebr e pasur dhe e gjenez\u00ebs biblike e cila i thjesht\u00ebzon prirjet e paskaj\u00ebshme t\u00eb miteve n\u00eb\u00a0 ciklin\u00a0 monoteist t\u00eb krisht\u00ebrimit. Megjithat\u00eb metafora e babilonizmit biblik (jo pagan) p\u00ebr ndarjen e gjuh\u00ebve gjithmon\u00eb linte te n\u00ebnkuptonte nj\u00eb paragjuh\u00eb, q\u00eb askush nuk e di dhe q\u00eb nuk ruhet nga pasardh\u00ebsit. N\u00eb esenc\u00eb spjegimi biblik t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb origjinat i parashtron si hyjnore. E till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zanafilla e popujve, ose e njeriut adamik. Teorit\u00eb teologjike ishin si brinj\u00ebt e Adamit p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb Evat e mendimit n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Arkeologjika shkencore pothuaj nuk ekzistonte. Mungesa e arkeologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb fatale p\u00ebr t\u00eb konstruktuar nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb pashkruar t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs s\u00eb larg\u00ebt. Antropologjia si dije pozitive lul\u00ebzon vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shekullin n\u00eb shekullin e XX dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlidhur edhe me arkeologjin\u00eb, etnologjin\u00eb e gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Vet\u00ebkuptohet q\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb di\u00e7ka serioze duhej \u00e7veshur dija nga mitizimi, q\u00eb dija t\u00eb identifikohej me vetveten. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia dhe mbijetesa e dijes, q\u00eb e v\u00ebrteta natyrore t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb paritet maksimal me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn e mendimit.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera t\u00ebr\u00eb librin e vet e ka me nj\u00eb prapavij\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb kuptimore, larg skemave (pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00eb i paraqet skemat) larg kultivimit t\u00eb teorive q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme zot\u00ebruan mendimin e dukeshin gati si aksioma gjeometrike (pra relativizmi shkencor \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb thelbin e librit).<\/span><\/p>\n Ato q\u00eb mund\u00ebsuan nj\u00eb rezyme n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb libri si ky i Gimper\u00ebs qen\u00eb sidomos zbulimet epokale t\u00eb prehistoris\u00eb. Arkeologjia prehistorike i afrohet kufirit midis historis\u00eb gjelogjike dhe historis\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, midis gjenez\u00ebs natyrore dhe antropogjenez\u00ebs (ende tep\u00ebr natyrore) t\u00eb segmentuar n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Homo Sapiensit.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera b\u00ebn nj\u00eb kufizim gjith\u00ebsesi: ai interesohet kryesisht p\u00ebr popujt indevropian\u00eb, pra, p\u00ebr thelbin e europianizmit. Kjo gj\u00eb e dimensionon tematik\u00ebn shkencore. P\u00ebr ftill\u00ebzimin e europianizmit flitet si p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb gjenetike t\u00eb gjenez\u00ebs universale njer\u00ebzore t\u00eb gjith\u00eb popujve n\u00eb planetin ton\u00eb. N\u00eb parashtrimin e problemit Gimpera thekson se v\u00ebshtrimi i trefisht\u00eb arkeologjik, antropologjik e gjuh\u00ebsor mund\u00ebson nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb fakteve. Pafund\u00ebsia e fakteve \u00ebsht\u00eb e till\u00eb, saq\u00eb t\u00eb orientohesh drejt duhet dhe nj\u00eb parashtrim konceptual llogjik e shkencor.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera e ve problemin n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb diskutimi, pra, n\u00eb rrafshin e nj\u00eb kritike dialogogjike, shpesh antonimike. Ky relativitet i teorive dhe mendimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i frytsh\u00ebm dhe jo ortodoks, i ngrir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera v\u00ebrtet synon n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u201cparahistori\u201d po ai nuk e paragjykon at\u00eb, e paraqet si nj\u00eb materje t\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe aspak t\u00eb kristalizuar p\u00ebrfundimisht. K\u00ebshtu \u201cN\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb humbur\u201d duke huazuar nj\u00eb metafor\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer e kuptimplot\u00eb t\u00eb Marsel Prustit, Gimpera ravizon fakte t\u00eb nxjerra n\u00eb drit\u00eb dhe struktura teorike q\u00eb shpehs kan\u00eb d\u00ebshtuar. Pra, arkeologjia i ka paraqitur sukseset e saj n\u00eb form\u00ebn dramatike e disa her\u00eb komike t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb paradoksi i vet\u00ebdijes, i mendimit njer\u00ebzor, p\u00ebr t\u00eb aritur te ev\u00ebrteta relative, po kurr\u00eb deri n\u00eb fund te e v\u00ebrteta absolute.<\/span><\/p>\n Tipik \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi i teoris\u00eb arkeologjike e gjenetike t\u00eb Kosin\u00ebs, i cili nuk arriti t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetoj\u00eb burimin verior (nordik) t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit europian, sepse ai i fetishizoi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet p\u00ebr neolitin, i absolutizoi disa tipare e nuk pa (si\u00e7 u v\u00ebrtetua m\u00eb pas) se neoliti europian n\u00eb zanafill\u00eb qe shum\u00eb m\u00eb\u00a0 i larmish\u00ebm e nj\u00eb shum\u00ebsi neolitike, nj\u00eb mozaik kulturash, disa prej t\u00eb cilave nuk lidheshin fare me st\u00ebrgjysh\u00ebrit e popujve indoeuropian\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Po k\u00ebshtu edhe d\u00ebshtimi i teorive p\u00ebr unicitetin e past\u00ebr t\u00eb rac\u00ebs indoevropiane si dhe d\u00ebshtimi i teorive p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn m\u00ebm\u00eb, t\u00eb vetme zanafill\u00ebse etj., jan\u00eb d\u00ebshtime t\u00eb antropologjis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, q\u00eb ne vetvehte jan\u00eb k\u00ebrkime te s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs dhe m\u00ebnjanime t\u00eb konvencioneve, disa her\u00eb t\u00eb politizuara.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera i di t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto dhe e ka t\u00eb qart\u00eb se faktet teorike duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen fakte t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs. Prandaj n\u00eb librin e Gimperas duhet ditur p\u00ebr te lexuar, jo n\u00eb form\u00ebn pamore grafike, por n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb kuptimore, n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e dyshimeve dhe t\u00eb paraqitjeve, t\u00eb mendimit t\u00eb epokave, t\u00eb kund\u00ebrth\u00ebnieve.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr, ajo q\u00eb na intereson \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtja e ilir\u00ebve, si nj\u00eb nga popujt indeuropian\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq hap\u00ebsira informative p\u00ebr ilir\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebtu tep\u00ebr e kufizuar. P\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar di\u00e7ka le t\u00eb m\u00eb lejohet q\u00eb t\u00eb paraqes disa nga rezultatet arkeologjike dhe gjuh\u00ebsore te gjenezes s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb problemit t\u00eb form\u00ebsimit, ose t\u00eb lidhjes me konceptin e europianizmit, si dhe gjenez\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb, at\u00eb t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, q\u00eb bir\u00ebsohen nga ilir\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb. T\u00eb dy gjenezat jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb njera tjetr\u00ebs, nj\u00eb e vetme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb rrafshin arkeologjik gjeneza e ilir\u00ebve, ose e parailir\u00ebve, protoilir\u00ebve, ka dy probleme themelore: problemin e indoeuropianizmit n\u00eb gadishullin Ballkanik dhe problemin e indoeuropian\u00ebve me ilir\u00ebt dhe ilirishten.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb tez\u00eb e dijetar\u00ebve thot\u00eb se n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e her\u00ebshme dhe t\u00eb mesme neolitike ka ekzistuar nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi gjuh\u00ebsore e karakterit paraindoeuropian n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebterritorin e Mesdheut (kuptohet e brigjeve), kurse elementet indoeuropian\u00eb kan\u00eb dep\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e\u00a0 epok\u00ebs neolitike t\u00eb vektuar nga Lindja e Juglindja.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb tez\u00eb m\u00eb e re favorizon nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme kur elementi indoeuropian ka ekzistuar n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Juglindore qysh n\u00eb neolitin e hersh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb zhviluar n\u00eb vend. Kjo tez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb teza e autoktonis\u00eb s\u00eb formimit t\u00eb kulturave neolitike. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij procesi t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e interesant elementi indoeuropian i ardhur n\u00eb mbarim t\u00eb neolitit e eneolitit i dha nj\u00eb ferment gjall\u00ebrues\u00a0 t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb indoeuropianizimit t\u00eb territoreve t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u2013 \u00e7ka v\u00ebrtetohet arkeologjikisht (kulturat neo-eneolitike n\u00eb Vashtem, Kolsh, Cakran, Maliq \u2013 Kamnik).<\/span><\/p>\n Zbulimet arkeologjike t\u00eb prehistoris\u00eb sidomos t\u00eb neolitit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm na b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb qart\u00eb se elementi indoeuropian, ose paleoindoeuropian dallohet q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hark kohor dhe vet\u00ebm m\u00eb von\u00eb procesi i indoeuropianizimit pati flukse nga Lindja dhe Juglindja.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00ebr\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi i sintez\u00ebs, shkrirjes s\u00eb karakterit t\u00eb banor\u00ebve shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr\u00a0 me ardh\u00ebsit indoeuropian\u00eb, q\u00eb u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebto treva, duke formuar nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi themelore gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb karakterit indoeuropian, q\u00eb i korespondon kompleksit ballkano-egjean t\u00eb neolitit t\u00eb von\u00eb. Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb krijohen mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e formimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb shtrese t\u00eb pashlyrshme indoeuropiane n\u00eb Gadishullin Ballkanik, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas n\u00eb epok\u00eb e metaleve, form\u00ebsuan dy grupet e m\u00ebdha gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb thrak\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n Padyshim q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimi se cila ishte popullsia indoeuropiane paragreke n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e neo-eneolitit t\u00eb kompleksit ballkano-egjean \u00ebsht\u00eb nje problem i hapur nga diskutimet dhe tezat e kund\u00ebrta. Arkeologjia dhe linguistika ende na japin pak prova t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetimit shkencor, por shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt preferojn\u00eb ta quajn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb popullsi si parailire, paragreke e parathrake. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konteks flitet p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt paleoballkanik\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00ebnshtresa indoeuropiane n\u00eb lidhje gjenetike me kompleksin kulturor ballkano-egjean si n\u00ebnshtres\u00eb parailire parakupton p\u00ebr mendimin ton\u00eb , banor\u00ebt me parak\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb t\u00eb vendit ton\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb problem konceptual dhe ky\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i lidhjes s\u00eb protoilireve t\u00eb indoeuropianizuar me popullsin\u00eb pasardh\u00ebse, q\u00eb spikat n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e bronxit. Sustrati i hersh\u00ebm\u00a0 me raportet e reja kulturore dhe etnike t\u00eb bart\u00ebsve t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb bronxit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri (Maliq, shpella e Blazit n\u00eb Mat) jan\u00eb t\u00eb dokumentuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb vijim\u00ebsi arkeologjike. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fundin e mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb tret\u00eb para er\u00ebs son\u00eb e n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb- para er\u00ebs son\u00eb si rrjedhim i dyndjes s\u00eb popujve indoeuropian\u00eb u zhduk\u00ebn qytet\u00ebrimet e lashta t\u00eb neolitit dhe u formua kultura e her\u00ebshme e bronxit, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur me substratin eneolitik ballkanik, pra edhe me protoiliret e st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb dhe pas tyre ilir\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Nuk duhet harruar se gjum\u00eb t\u00eb kulturave t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillta paspaleolitike, ose mezolitike nuk jan\u00eb zbuluar deri m\u00eb sot n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Mungesa e materialit mezolitik duhet t\u2019i atribuohet munges\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebrkimeve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb. N\u00eb Vlush t\u00eb Skraparit jan\u00eb gjetur gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb horizonti t\u00eb neolitit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm me tradita t\u00eb forta mezolitike.<\/span><\/p>\n Zbulimet arkeologjike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur njohjen me disa grupe etno kulturore neolitike si binomi kulturor Vasht\u00ebmi-Podgori, kultura e Cakranit, kultura Maliq Kamnik etj, t\u00eb zhvilluara n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb autoktone, jo pa koresponduese me komplekset e gj\u00ebra ballkanike etnokulturore.<\/span><\/p>\n Ilirologjia studion pik\u00ebrisht gjenez\u00ebn dhe kultur\u00ebn e ilir\u00ebve. N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e her\u00ebshme t\u00eb hekurit burimet historike na b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur se banor\u00ebt e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb ishin ilir\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Ka dy mendime kryesore (kryeteza) p\u00ebr prejardhjen e ilir\u00ebve:\u00a0nj\u00ebra<\/span><\/b>\u00a0i konsideron ilir\u00ebt si t\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb gadishullin ballkanik dhe tjetra si popullsi autoktone, t\u00eb formuar n\u00eb truallin historik t\u00eb Iliris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebr teorit\u00eb e shumta t\u00eb prejardhjes s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve n\u00eb Ballkan spikat ajo q\u00eb i lidh bart\u00ebsit e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb fushave me urna t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Q\u00ebndrore me ilir\u00ebt. Kjo teori thot\u00eb se bart\u00ebsit e k\u00ebsaj kulture t\u00eb kontinentit kan\u00eb l\u00ebvizur drejt Jugut n\u00eb shekujt XII-IX para er\u00ebs son\u00eb (dyndjet dorike, egjeane apo paneno-ballkanike), duke u p\u00ebrzjer\u00eb, apo zhvendosur shum\u00eb popullsi anase, duke krijuar nj\u00eb tablo t\u00eb ndryshme etnologjike.<\/span><\/p>\n Kultura e fushave me urna (urnenfelderkultur) dhe ve\u00e7mas dega e saj e quajtur kultura e Lushic\u00ebs (rajon n\u00eb Gjermani) u mbiquajt e ilir\u00ebve nga arkeologu Gustav Kosina e m\u00eb pas u pasua nga Richard Pittioni dhe filologu Julius Pokorny. K\u00ebtu procesi konceptohet si nj\u00eb hop cil\u00ebsor i protoilir\u00ebve n\u00eb ilir\u00eb dhe q\u00eb shkaktuan dyndjen e madhe dorike n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb ende \u201cDark Age\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Shkolla e Kosin\u00ebs ftill\u00ebzoi t\u00eb ashtuquajturin paniliriz\u00ebm q\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb Vittore Pizani e quajti si \u201cnj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb teori tjet\u00ebr<\/span><\/b>\u00a0ishte ajo e arkeologut Karl Shugard, q\u00eb bart\u00ebsit e qeramik\u00ebs neolitike thrakase i quajti parailir\u00eb (Urillyrier).<\/span><\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr Vladimir Gjeorgjievi mbron tez\u00ebn se krijuesit e kultur\u00ebs kreto-mikenase qen\u00eb protoilir\u00ebt, q\u00eb edhe paniliristi m\u00eb i madh Hans Krahe e vler\u00ebsoi si nj\u00eb fantazi t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar se sa shum\u00eb skajuan deri n\u00eb absurd teorit\u00eb e prejardhjes s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve le t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim edhe dijetarin Robert Heine-Geldern, i cili n\u00eb vitin 1951 botoi nj\u00eb tez\u00eb, q\u00eb ilir\u00ebt dikur rreth shekullit t\u00eb IX \u2013 VIII para er\u00ebs son\u00eb morr\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyndje q\u00eb \u00e7oi deri n\u00eb Mongoli, Kin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Indi (?!)<\/span><\/p>\n Pik\u00ebpamja e zhvilluar nga arkeolog\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e shekullit t\u00eb XX ka krijuar teorin\u00eb e formimit t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs ilire n\u00eb vend pa nd\u00ebrprerje, pra, kjo sht\u00eb teoria e autoktonis\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim teza q\u00eb i lidh ilir\u00ebt me bart\u00ebsit e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb fushave me urna bije, ose zbehet. Gjithashtu t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat arkeologjike flasin se dyndja Panono-ballkanike nuk e ka p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pjes\u00ebn p\u00ebrqndimore t\u00eb gadishullit ballkanik, pra edhe teritoret e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Etnogjeneza ilire nuk duhet par\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb lidhjen me dyndjen Panano-ballkanike, pavar\u00ebsisht nga disa ndikime t\u00eb saj. Kjo dyndje e cil\u00ebsuar indoeuropiane n\u00eb fundin e mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb tret\u00eb para er\u00ebs son\u00eb ndikoi n\u00eb kultura neolitike t\u00eb Ballkanit, po nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb totalitare p\u00ebr territorin shqiptar t\u00eb sot\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n Etnosi ilir i krijuar n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e bronxit \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb unitet, q\u00eb ka brenda diversitet dhe p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht sot n\u00ebnvizohen dy grupe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kulturore ilire: ai jugor dhe ai verior.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr grupin ilir verior ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb kontribut t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb arkeologu Alojz Benac, i cili favorizon nj\u00eb autoktoniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt edhe Gimpera e mb\u00ebshtet teorin\u00eb e Benacit, por duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces edhe bart\u00ebsit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb Lushic\u00ebs nga Veriu.<\/span><\/p>\n Teoria e autoktonizmit ilir p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet sot nga dijetar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb si Prendi, Korkuti, Ceka, Selimi etj. dhe zbulimet arkeologjike ne prehistori, n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn paraqytetare ilire dhe sidomos\u00a0 konceptimi m\u00eb i kompletuar rreth \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb tilla si qyteti ilir, shteti ilir pa harruar komponentet e artit, t\u00eb bot\u00ebkuptimit etj., kan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb epok\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn\u00a0 p\u00ebr ilir\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Trinomi protoilir\u00ebt-ilir\u00ebt -shqiptar\u00ebt paraqitet n\u00eb nj\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb re. Po edhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i paplot\u00ebsuar, plot t\u00eb vjetra e t\u00eb reja.<\/span><\/p>\n Sidomos karakteri gjenetik i filiacionit t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve nga ilir\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem, ku arkeologjia ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb material bind\u00ebs dhe hedh posht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb pseudo teorit\u00eb e politizuara shoviniste, q\u00eb mohojn\u00eb karakterin sutokton t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb trojet e tyre historike.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera n\u00eb sythin e librit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb quajtur \u201cIlir\u00ebt, thrak\u00ebt, dak\u00ebt\u201d jep gjykimet vetiake t\u00eb jehonizuara nga dijetar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb paraardh\u00ebs ose bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera ve n\u00eb reliev faktin se n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me popujt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Q\u00ebndroire problemi i popujve danubian\u00eb dhe ballkanik\u00eb \u201cshtrohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n Kosina e kish quajtur kultur\u00ebn luzasiane si qytet\u00ebrim ilir verior \u2018karpo-dak\u201d n\u00eb lidhje me kultur\u00ebn e popujve danubian\u00eb. Ky p\u00ebrcaktim d\u00ebshtoi n\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet (arkeologjikisht). Lidhjet e kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb Luzas\u00ebs me venet\u00ebt, (t\u00eb dalluar p\u00ebrfundimisht nga ilir\u00ebt \u2013 ndryshe nga \u00e7\u2019i kishin quajtur ilir\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb) solli nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb fokusit t\u00eb problemit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Kalimi nga epoka e bronxit n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb hekurit (n\u00eb disa shekuj) b\u00ebri t\u00eb shfaqen grupe t\u00eb reja historike t\u00eb dak\u00ebve, ilir\u00ebve dhe thrak\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n Ilir\u00ebt p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb etnike, ku qen\u00eb asimiluar rezultatet e kulturave neolitike t\u00eb zon\u00ebs dinarike t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor si dhe nj\u00eb element t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb huazuar nga popujt alpin\u00eb, ndoshta t\u00eb dalluar nga ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb indoeuropian\u00eb n\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb, duke u indoeuropianizuar nd\u00ebrmjet marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve e ndikimeve indoeuropiane t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillta, duke asimiluar edhe ndikimet e dep\u00ebrtimet e kultur\u00ebs luzasiane.<\/span><\/p>\n Si\u00e7 shihet m\u00eb sip\u00ebr teza e Gimper\u00ebs i takon grupit ilir verior dhe n\u00eb raport me g\u00ebrmimet arkeologjike t\u00eb b\u00ebra n\u00eb Ilirin\u00eb e Jugut ajo ka nj\u00eb mang\u00ebsi t\u00eb materialit arkeologjik q\u00eb nuk kishte se si ta njihte Gimpera kur po e shkruante librin e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb sythin \u201cDyndjet e kelt\u00ebve \u2013 kelt\u00ebt dhe ilir\u00ebt\u201d Gimpera thekson se venet\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb ilir\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb nga ana tjet\u00ebr kultura e Luzac\u00ebs nuk ka qen\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht venete. Kurse Qytet\u00ebrimi Halshtatian ka nj\u00eb personalitet t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe duhet t\u00eb identifikohet me popujt ilir\u00eb historik\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u00ebta popuj ilir\u00eb arrit\u00ebn nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm dhe p\u00ebrmes Adriatikut m\u00eb sakt\u00eb n\u00eb brigjet perendimore dhe lindore t\u00eb Adriatikut krijuan nj\u00eb komunuelth, sepse grupet etnike t\u00eb japig\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb mesap\u00ebve n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut ose daun\u00ebt, jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt me ilir\u00ebt, ose t\u00eb identifikuesh\u00ebm me ilir\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjeneza e popujve indeuropian\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe gjeneza e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. \u00cbsht\u00eb kjo nj\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb aksiomatike.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr problemet e gjenetizmit n\u00eb fat jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuara dhe aspak t\u00eb thjeshta.<\/span><\/p>\n Zbulimi i af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoeuropiane u b\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin e XIX dhe qe nj\u00eb nga zbulimet m\u00eb madh\u00ebshtore t\u00eb m\u00ebndjes s\u00eb njeriut.<\/span><\/p>\n Historia e gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb indoeuropiane do t\u00eb qe ndryshe n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishim dhe tekste t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb zhdukura si ilirishtja, thrakishtja etj. Mundet q\u00eb n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn e Aleksandris\u00eb q\u00eb u dogj, ka patur vepra t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb komedit\u00eb e Aristofanit del ndonj\u00eb nga personazhet t\u00eb ashtuquajtur \u201cbarbar\u00eb\u201d ndonj\u00eb tribal, ose thrak e shqipton fjal\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7udit\u00ebshme, t\u00eb pazb\u00ebrthyeshme. Po faktet gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb zhdukura nuk i kemi fatkeq\u00ebsisht n\u00eb dor\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mesjet\u00eb qysh me poetin gjenial Danten, q\u00eb n\u00eb shekulin e XIII, q\u00eb vuri pika afrimi midis italishtes dhe latinishtes e m\u00eb pas me Filip Sasetin n\u00eb shekullin e XVI, q\u00eb udh\u00ebtoi n\u00eb Goa t\u00eb Indis\u00eb dhe vuri re se fjal\u00eb t\u00eb indishtes lidheshin me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb italishtes (psh indisht \u201csarpa\u201d ose \u201cdiva\u201d dhe italisht \u201cserpente\u201d dhe \u201cdio\u201d \u2013 p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht \u201cgjarp\u00ebr\u201d dhe \u201czot\u201d) u arrit n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb konceptuale p\u00ebr nj\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsi t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs krahasimtare p\u00ebr hetimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indoeuropiane, q\u00eb sidomos u shtjellua s\u00ebpari nga Ulliam Xhons (1746-1794).<\/span><\/p>\n Me Franc Bobin (1791-1867) q\u00eb botoi vepr\u00ebn e par\u00eb n\u00eb 1816 t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb indoeuropiane nis argumentimi sistematik i shtjellimeve dhe af\u00ebrsive gjenetike t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve n\u00eb fjal\u00eb. N\u00eb 1854 Bobi boton vepr\u00ebn \u201cMbi shqipen dhe lidhjet e af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj me gjuh\u00ebt e tjera indeuropiane\u201d n\u00eb 1854, duke p\u00ebrcaktuar dhe gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb gjenez\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shqipes duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb pionieri. Mbi\u00e7mimi i sanskrishtes nga Bobi e \u00e7oi at\u00eb n\u00eb mendimin e nj\u00eb gjuhe m\u00ebm\u00eb nga rrjedhun gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera bija.<\/span><\/p>\n Termi \u201cindeuropian\u201d ka historin\u00eb e vet.<\/span><\/p>\n Bobi k\u00ebt\u00eb term e mori nga August Shlegeli (1821-1868), i cili n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn themelore \u201cKompedium i gramatik\u00ebs krah\u00ebsuese t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve indogjermane\u201d identifikonte termin \u201cindoeuropian\u2019 me termin \u201cindogjerman\u201d Kjo sinonimi, qe n\u00eb fakt e sforcuar e mjaft e k\u00ebrkuar.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fakt t\u00eb dy termat n\u00eb fjal\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb konsistenc\u00eb historike e jan\u00eb konvencionale.<\/span><\/p>\n Emri \u201cEuropa\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i epokave prehistorike t\u00eb larg\u00ebta por nj\u00eb krijim antik relativisht i von\u00eb., Europa qe nj\u00eb figur\u00eb e\u00a0 mitologjis\u00eb greke lokalizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb provinc\u00eb t\u00eb Thrakis\u00eb af\u00ebr Andrianopolit. Edhe emri \u201cind\u201d nuk ka ekzistuar si dhe emri \u201ceuropain\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn zanafill\u00ebse t\u00eb kontinentit ton\u00eb. Di\u00e7ka m\u00eb i lasht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb emri \u201carian\u201d q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte dy deg\u00ebt e iranasve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb indasve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n Termi \u2018indoeuropian\u201d u p\u00ebrdor s\u00eb pari nga dijetari T.Young n\u00eb vitin 1813.<\/span><\/p>\n Termi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm si dhe termat e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtim e koncept em\u00ebrtues i dijetar\u00ebve, q\u00eb donin t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonin nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebsi popujsh dhe gjuh\u00ebsh t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n August Shlegeli i p\u00ebrkiste biologjizmit gjuh\u00ebsor. Qe ithtar i darvinizmit linguistik.Konsiderimi i gjuh\u00ebs si organiz\u00ebm i gjall\u00eb nuk qe i drejt\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb do t\u00eb braktisej sepse qe aprioristike.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera n\u00eb librin q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb dor\u00eb flet gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr teorit\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb indoeuropianishtes.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fakt gjuh\u00ebsia i ka nd\u00ebrlikuar shum\u00eb hipotezat e veta.<\/span><\/p>\n Sigzmund Fajst (1913-1914) parashtroi nj\u00eb tez\u00eb \u201cheretike\u201d q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkrahu dhe Z.Mejeja n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, q\u00eb gjerman\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb popull indoeuropian n\u00eb fillim e m\u00eb pas qen\u00eb indoeuropianizuar, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar q\u00eb atdheu i indoeuropian\u00ebve ka qen\u00eb Veriu i Europ\u00ebs, si\u00e7 mendonte Kosina.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt Kre\u00e7meri e k\u00ebrkon t\u00ebr\u00eb origjin\u00ebn e indoeuropian\u00ebve n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Veriore e Q\u00ebndrore. Po nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb ai godet vdeksh\u00ebm teorin\u00eb gjenealogjike.<\/span><\/p>\n Mejeja hedh posht\u00eb nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtim t\u00eb indoeuropianishtes primitive. N\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet e shumta t\u00eb Fan Nolit ka edhe konspekte t\u00eb shkrimeve gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb Mejes\u00eb, sidomos p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn paraindoeuropiane.<\/span><\/p>\n Benvenisti sakt\u00ebson se gjuha tokarishte i p\u00ebrket nj\u00eb grupi arkaik indoeuropian duke b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb njohur r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tokarishtes p\u00ebr t\u00ebr\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb indoeuropiane.<\/span><\/p>\n Trubeckoi kritikon besimin kultik n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb zanafill\u00ebse, pra, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn m\u00ebm\u00eb. Edhe Krahe e ka quajtur absurd supozimin e nj\u00eb gjuhe dhe nj\u00eb populli origjinar q\u00eb nga mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ari i tret\u00eb para er\u00ebs son\u00eb. Gjuh\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cak kohor qen\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje fluide. Po Krahe q\u00eb\u00a0 krijues i teoris\u00eb paniliriste kaq n\u00eb mod\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 30\u2019 t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli. Nga fundi i jet\u00ebs Krahe e modifikoi k\u00ebt\u00eb teori absolutiste dhe foli p\u00ebr grupe t\u00eb nj\u00eb indoeuropianishte primitive, arkaike. K\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtet edhe Kre\u00e7meri e m\u00eb pas dhe kryembrojt\u00ebsi i ilirizmit t\u00eb topomis\u00eb s\u00eb Europ\u00ebs Q\u00ebndrore Pokorny.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebto teori Gimpera i paravendos n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb vendi t\u00eb theksojm\u00eb se shkat\u00ebrrimi dhe renimi i teoris\u00eb s\u00eb panilirizmi m\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb nuk duhet q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebnte [p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb skajim absurd t\u00eb skepticizmit hiperpozitivist ndaj problkemit ilir dhe ilirishtes, si\u00e7 u b\u00eb\u00a0 n\u00eb dhjet\u00eb\u00e7ar\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XX E v\u00ebrteta p\u00ebr ilir\u00ebt dhe ilirishten q\u00ebndron n\u00eb mes. Larg skajeve t\u00eb mbivleresimit dhe t\u00eb n\u00ebnvleft\u00ebsimit. Kjo gj\u00eb nuk ka qen\u00eb dot nj\u00eb objekt i v\u00ebmendjes shkencore t\u00eb Gimper\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm e m\u00eb t\u00eb lexuesh\u00ebm librin enciklopedik t\u00eb Gimper\u00ebs, dua t\u00eb flas pak edhe p\u00ebr teorin\u00eb e origjin\u00ebn e ilirishtes dhe te shqipes sipas prof.Eqrem \u00c7abejt.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb paleontologjin\u00eb ballkanike problemi i Ilirishtes \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsie t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. \u00c7abej me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb ve n\u00eb spikam\u00eb faktin se element\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb q\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe spjegojn\u00eb edhe ilirishten ga e cila ruhen vet\u00ebm disa glosa dhe toponime. Pra, rind\u00ebrtimi i ilirishtes \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe b\u00ebn nj\u00eb \u201calgjeb\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebsore\u201d t\u00eb nj\u00eb sfondi me mjaft t\u00eb panjohura.<\/span><\/p>\n Shqipja gjuh\u00ebsisht dhe etnikisht ka nj\u00eb pozicion gjeografik t\u00eb vijuar, autokton midis Lindjes dhe Per\u00ebndimit, pra nj\u00eb status ballkanik t\u00eb pashlyesh\u00ebm. Dy vargmalet e Europ\u00ebs Q\u00ebndrore e Lindore Karpatet dhe Beskidet gjejn\u00eb spjegimin e tyre etimologjik me gjuh\u00ebn shqipe. Shqipja paraqet lidhje leksikore me shumic\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebve indoeuropiane veriore. Teza e prejardhje Veriore t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve e mb\u00ebshtetur ga gjuh\u00ebsia deri m\u00eb sot \u00ebsht\u00eb ne nj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb me tez\u00ebn e prejardhjes jugore t\u00eb ilir\u00ebve, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet nga arkeologjhia moderne shqiptare.<\/span><\/p>\n Ky karakter kontradiktor midis gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe arkeologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paradoks konceptual ende i pakap\u00ebrcyer n\u00eb rrafshin e iliriologjis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, mendimet kryesore p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e ilir\u00ebve ndahen n\u00eb tri lagje dijetar\u00ebsh.<\/span><\/p>\n Lagja e par\u00eb\u00a0 e sheh origjin\u00ebn e shqiptar\u00ebve nga ilir\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb vij\u00eb direkte (Thunman, Xylanderi, Hahni)<\/span><\/p>\n Lagja e dyt\u00eb gjen origjin\u00ebn e shqiptar\u00ebve nga Thrak\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Lagja e tret\u00eb b\u00ebn nj\u00eb sintez\u00eb. mb\u00ebshtet mendimin se shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebs nga ilir\u00ebt po me komponente thrake (Norbert Jokli).<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht edhe ilirologu m\u00eb i madh i koh\u00ebrave tona Eqrem \u00c7abej i p\u00ebrket opinionit shkencor, q\u00eb procesi i formimit, ngjizjes s\u00eb shqipes u b\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb shtrat ilir, po jo pa ndikime t\u00eb thrakishtes.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjuha shqipe trash\u00ebgon sipas ligjeve t\u00eb saj fonetike mbijets\u00ebn e toponimeve antike n\u00eb trevat e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, q\u00eb nga ilir\u00ebt n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsi e bashk\u00ebveprim me grek\u00ebt e romak\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n Po shqi[pja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb deg\u00eb m\u00eb vete, krejt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb familjen e gjuh\u00ebve indeurpiane.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrcaktimi i saj si gjuh\u00eb kentum apo satem vazhdon akoma duke anuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb nga klasifikimi kentum.<\/span><\/p>\n Me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi fundamentale \u00ebsht\u00eb kreu V i librit t\u00eb Gimperas t\u00eb quajtur \u2018P\u00ebrfundime\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u00ebtu Gimpera b\u00ebn abstraksion nga teorit\u00eb e ndryshme p\u00ebr popullin zanafill\u00ebs, atdheun e par\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebn zanafill\u00ebse, m\u00ebm\u00eb, nga n\u00ebnndarjet e grupeve gjuh\u00ebsore sipas sistemit t\u00eb drurit gjenealogjik si dhe nga hipotezat q\u00eb p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb u quajt\u00ebn \u201ctabu\u201d shkencore.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera e di se mekanizmi i form\u00ebs dhe nd\u00ebrlidhjeve gjuh\u00ebsore si dhe mekanizmi i tipeve antropologjike racore \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb me i nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe aspak i thjesht\u00ebzuar.<\/span><\/p>\n Gimpera me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb i jep par\u00ebsi arkeologjis\u00eb n\u00eb raport me gjuh\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb kontribut m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb p\u00ebr teorit\u00eb gjenetike. Mosp\u00ebrputhja midis disiplinave (gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, arkeologjis\u00eb, antropologjis\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebse e kuptueshme.<\/span><\/p>\n Arkeologjikisht popujt indoeuropian\u00eb spikatin n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb neolitetit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen q\u00eb n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e mezolitike. Gjuh\u00ebt e mezolitit kan\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb substrat t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb kontinent.<\/span><\/p>\n Kristalizimi p\u00ebrfundimtar indoeuropian mbart vijim\u00ebsin\u00eb e substratit gjuh\u00ebsor, t\u00eb mozaikut t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve drejt zhvillimeve t\u00eb reja.<\/span><\/p>\n Grupet e ndryshme, burimet kryesore t\u00eb indoeuropianizmit jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Veri t\u00eb kontinentit por n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb gjeografin\u00eb e tij duke patur parasysh edhe q\u00ebndren edhe Jugun apo Juglindjen.<\/span><\/p>\n Koha e bronxit rezulton si koh\u00eb stabilizimi etnik e formacionet etnike tashm\u00eb indoeuropiane t\u00eb lashta t\u00eb kontinentit tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebrsonalitetin e kulturave dhe qytet\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n Interesante jan\u00eb dep\u00ebrtimet indoeuropiane form\u00ebsimet e ngjashme n\u00eb Kaukaz si dhe n\u00eb rajonet danibiane e pontike.<\/span><\/p>\n Dyndjet e popujve n\u00eb fundin e epok\u00ebs s\u00eb bronxit dhe n\u00eb kalimin e\u00a0 n\u00eb apok\u00ebn e hekurit b\u00ebjn\u00eb kristalizimin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n Trako-frigasit po n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e bronxit jan\u00eb form\u00ebsim i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve etnike danubiane dhe pontike e nd\u00ebrmjetme midis q\u00ebndr\u00ebs europiane (kentum) dhe pontik\u00ebve (satem). Pik\u00ebrisht kjo tez\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtet edhe tez\u00ebn e origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb ilir\u00ebve dhe statusin e tyre indoeuropian.<\/span><\/p>\n Ilir\u00ebt, s\u00eb bashku me kelt\u00ebt, gjermanik\u00ebt, balt\u00ebt etj., kan\u00eb luajtur nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e fytyr\u00ebs skulpturore t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Moikom Zeqo: -Trinomi protoilir\u00ebt \u2013 ilir\u00ebt \u2013 shqiptar\u00ebt 2018 Moikom Zeqo Ilirologjia dhe kerkimet shkencore per etnogjenezen iliro-shqiptare kane 27 vjet qe kane ngecur ne vend dhe ne boshllek. Madje teza te kunderta\u00a0 dhe in extremis e mohojne ekuacionin shkencor te etnogjenezes iliro-shqiptare. Ne kete hulli po shkruaj per te treguar se ky ekuacion eshte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":35882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[85,10,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori","category-kultura","category-trashegimi-kulturore"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Iliria-Epiri-dhe-Dodona-n%C3%AB-koh%C3%ABn-e-Aleksadrit-t%C3%AB-madh-905x395-1.jpg?fit=832%2C395&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-9kJ","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":25456,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/tre-grafika-nga-moikom-zeqo\/","url_meta":{"origin":35881,"position":0},"title":"Tre grafika nga Moikom Zeqo.","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"September 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Tre grafika nga Moikom Zeqo.","rel":"","context":"In "Arte"","block_context":{"text":"Arte","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/arte\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Autor-Moikom-Zeqo.jpg?fit=593%2C359&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Autor-Moikom-Zeqo.jpg?fit=593%2C359&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Autor-Moikom-Zeqo.jpg?fit=593%2C359&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":59757,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/kendi-i-fotografise-moikom-zeqo-ne-muzeun-e-migjenit-puke\/","url_meta":{"origin":35881,"position":1},"title":"Kendi i Fotografise: – Moikom Zeqo ne Muzeun e Migjenit Puke","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"July 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Moikom Zeqo ne viziten e Muzeut \"Shkolla Muze Migjeni\". - Puke, me 11 Prill 2011. - Foto Jaho Brahaj.","rel":"","context":"In "Histori"","block_context":{"text":"Histori","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/histori\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Moikom-Zeqo-ne-Muzeun-e-Migjenit-Puke.-Foto-Jaho-Brahaj.jpg?fit=720%2C482&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Moikom-Zeqo-ne-Muzeun-e-Migjenit-Puke.-Foto-Jaho-Brahaj.jpg?fit=720%2C482&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Moikom-Zeqo-ne-Muzeun-e-Migjenit-Puke.-Foto-Jaho-Brahaj.jpg?fit=720%2C482&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Moikom-Zeqo-ne-Muzeun-e-Migjenit-Puke.-Foto-Jaho-Brahaj.jpg?fit=720%2C482&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":29217,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/moikom-zeqo-shuplake-qeverise-pas-termetit-shtet-prej-kartoni-mungojne-specialistet\/","url_meta":{"origin":35881,"position":2},"title":"Moikom Zeqo shuplak\u00eb qeveris\u00eb pas t\u00ebrmetit: – Shtet prej kartoni, mungojn\u00eb specialist\u00ebt\u2026","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"December 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Moikom Zeqo shuplak\u00eb qeveris\u00eb pas t\u00ebrmetit: - Shtet prej kartoni, mungojn\u00eb specialist\u00ebt\u2026 11 dhjetor \u00a02019 Studiuesi Moikom Zeqo ka folur n\u00eb lidhje me situat\u00ebn pas t\u00ebrmetit dhe d\u00ebmet e shumta q\u00eb ka sjell\u00eb. Ai\u00a0tha se d\u00ebmet jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta dhe theksoi se pushteti vendor gaboi. \u201cD\u00ebmet nga t\u00ebrmeti kan\u00eb qen\u00eb\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/rama-zeqo-750x430.png?fit=576%2C346&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/rama-zeqo-750x430.png?fit=576%2C346&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/rama-zeqo-750x430.png?fit=576%2C346&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21852,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/moikom-zeqo-nuk-e-besoj-qe-zgjedhjet-do-mbahen-me-30-qershor\/","url_meta":{"origin":35881,"position":3},"title":"Moikom Zeqo: – \u201cNuk e besoj q\u00eb zgjedhjet do mbahen m\u00eb 30 qershor …","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Moikom Zeqo: - \u201cNuk e besoj q\u00eb zgjedhjet do mbahen m\u00eb 30 qershor ... 10 Qershor \u00a02019 Duke kujtuar se dikur ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb politik\u00eb, Moikom Zeqo tha se ai ndihej sot krejt i huaj sidomos p\u00ebr forc\u00ebn politike p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn kishte kontribuar. 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Zgjedhjet e parakohshme n\u00eb mars. –","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"November 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Moikom Zeqo: Ja dy socialist\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb Ram\u00ebn. Zgjedhjet e parakohshme n\u00eb mars 30 Tetor, 2019 Shkrimtari dhe akademiku i njohur, Moikom Zeqo ka folur p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn politike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201cPanorama\u201d, ai mendon se n\u00eb mars priten zgjedhje t\u00eb parakohshme me nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00ebve,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit"","block_context":{"text":"Blogu i Udh\u00ebtarit","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/category\/blogu-i-udhetarit\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/moikom-zeqo.jpg?fit=669%2C385&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/moikom-zeqo.jpg?fit=669%2C385&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/moikom-zeqo.jpg?fit=669%2C385&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":47853,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/garafika-te-mrekullueshme-te-m-zeqos-linje-vizatimi-mjeshterore-3-foto\/","url_meta":{"origin":35881,"position":5},"title":"Garafika te mrekullueshme te M. Zeqos. Linje vizatimi mjeshterore. 3 foto","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"June 13, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Garafika te mrekullueshme te M. 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