{"id":35739,"date":"2020-06-16T08:59:11","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T08:59:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=35739"},"modified":"2020-06-16T09:59:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-16T09:59:10","slug":"moikom-zeqo-legjendat-ilire-per-detet-adriatik-dhe-jon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/moikom-zeqo-legjendat-ilire-per-detet-adriatik-dhe-jon\/","title":{"rendered":"Moikom Zeqo: – Legjendat ilire p\u00ebr detet Adriatik dhe Jon"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Moikom Zeqo: – Legjendat ilire p\u00ebr detet Adriatik dhe Jon<\/strong><\/p>\n

16 maji \u00a02020<\/p>\n

Ilir\u00ebt e motsh\u00ebm kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nga popujt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj m\u00eb kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Ata kan\u00eb jetuar gjithashtu ndan\u00eb brigjeve t\u00eb Adriatikut dhe Jonit, dy dete p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ruhen edhe legjenda e goj\u00ebdh\u00ebna ilire, t\u00eb regjistruara edhe nga autor\u00ebt antik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ilir\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb detar\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur e mjesht\u00ebr t\u00eb anijeve shpejta, si dhe lundimtar\u00eb t\u00eb pasionuar e t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm.
\nN\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e dijetarit Stefan Bizantini i shekullit VI t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur \u201cUrbibus et popules\u201d (Qutetet e popujt) jepen disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me interes p\u00ebr lidhjen e ilir\u00ebve me detet Adriatik dhe Jon.
\nK\u00ebshtu, Stefan Bizantini n\u00eb shpjegimin e z\u00ebrit Adria n\u00eb fjalorin e tij gjeografik e historik sh\u00ebnon: Adria, qytet dhe pran\u00eb tij gjiri i Arias si dhe lumi me t\u00eb nj\u00ebnjtin em\u00ebr, sipas Hekateut. Qytetari dhe banori adrianas, sipas Asianit, U thon\u00eb edhe adriates dhe detit \u2013 Adriatik\u201d. Pra deti Adriatik \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur k\u00ebshtu nga qyteti ilir Adria. Stefan Bizantini kur shkruan p\u00ebr fisin ilir t\u00eb abrejve shton se ky fis banon \u201cpran\u00eb Adrias, s\u00eb taulant\u00ebve\u201d pra Adria vet\u00eb i p\u00ebrkiste fisit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb taulant\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Kur Stefan Bizantini shpjegon emrin e detit Jon thekson se ky em\u00ebr sipas disave \u201crrjedh nga iliri i quajtur Jon\u201d.
\nSipas legjnd\u00ebs tipike ilire q\u00eb p\u00ebrm\u00ebnd nga Apiani, Joni ishte biri i Dyrrahut, i cili u vra n\u00eb luft\u00eb gabimisht nga Herakliu dhe trupin e tij e hodh\u00ebn n\u00eb detin, i cili mori emrin e Jonit.<\/p>\n

Durrahu \u00ebsht\u00eb, nga ana tjet\u00ebr; djali i vajz\u00ebs s\u00eb Epidamnit e quajtur Melisa, e cila ra n\u00eb dashuri me per\u00ebndin\u00eb e detrave, Poseidonin e lindi me t\u00eb Dyrrahut. Sias legjend\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e ka regjistruar edhe Stefan Bizantini, \u201cprej saj (d.m.th. Melis\u00eb) n\u00eb Epidamn ka nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb quhet Melisonis, ku Poseidoni u dashurua me t\u00eb\u201d pra kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb vend kulti t\u00eb nderuar nga detar\u00ebt ilir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Shpjegimi i emrit t\u00eb detit Jon me an\u00eb t\u00eb legjend\u00ebs ilire \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me at\u00eb t\u00eb mitologjis\u00eb klasike greke dhe romake.
\nEskili n\u00eb tragjedinp \u201cPrometeu i lidhur\u201d e shpjegon detit Jon siaps emrit t\u00eb Jon\u00ebs cila \u2013 u sh\u00ebnd\u00ebrrua nga Zeusi n\u00eb mushqerr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar nga Hera q\u00eb e ndiqte, lundoi n\u00ebp\u00ebr det dhe nga kjo deti u quajt Jon.
\nP\u00ebr shpjegimin e merit t\u00eb detit Jon ka shkruar edhe Straboni. Stefani citon nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr autor, Theopompin, sipas t\u00eb cilit emri rrjedh nga Joni, mbret i Is\u00ebs, i cili sundoi n\u00eb viset an\u00ebdetare, brigjet e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve i lagte deti q\u00eb mori emrin e tij. Nj\u00eb autor tjet\u00ebr Semitoloja, thot\u00eb se ky em\u00ebr rrodhi nga Kaon\u00ebt, q\u00eb i indentifikon me Jaon\u00ebt dhe Aon\u00ebt. Si\u00e7 shihet, si n\u00eb rastin e Jonit t\u00eb ishullit Isa e t\u00eb qytetit me po t\u00eb nj\u00ebnjtin em\u00ebr, si dhe n\u00eb rastet e tjera, del se em\u00ebrtimi i detit ka lidhje me ilir\u00ebt e mjedisin ilir.<\/p>\n

Shtojm\u00eb se sipas Skylasit (shekulli i VI para er\u00ebs son\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur dhe nj\u00eb em\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr, ai i detit t\u00eb Molosis\u00eb, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mbiquajtur nga fisi ilir i molos\u00ebve. Tek thesprot\u00ebt, sipas Ptolemeut (shekulli i dyt\u00eb i er\u00ebs son\u00eb), ka qen\u00eb edhe kepi me emrin Poseidon, em\u00ebr i hyut t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave e detrave. Klaud Eliani (shekulli i dyt\u00eb i er\u00ebs son\u00eb) v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se \u201cn\u00eb pellgun e Jonit, af\u00ebr Epidamnit, ku banojn\u00eb edhe taulant\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ishull q\u00eb qyhet i Athinas\u00eb tregon se ka qen\u00eb edhe vend kulti.<\/p>\n

Stefan Bizantini kur shkruan p\u00ebr fisin ilir t\u00eb liburn\u00ebve shton se \u201ck\u00ebshtu jan\u00eb em\u00ebruar nga nj\u00eb i quajtur Liburn Atiku. Jan\u00eb shpik\u00ebsit e shijeve liburnika\u201d. Pra, kemi edhe tradit\u00ebn e madhe ilire t\u00eb anijeris\u00eb e detaris\u00eb n\u00eb shekuj.<\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb goj\u00ebdh\u00ebne tjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn ilire t\u00eb Epirit t\u00eb quajtur Tragasi (vem\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se pran\u00eb Orikut sot \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe toponimi Tragjas), Poseidoni b\u00ebri p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb kryp\u00ebn. Prandaj edhe krypa quhej \u201ckrypa tragase\u201d, si\u00e7 e p\u00ebrm\u00ebnd edhe helaniku n\u00eb \u201cTestian\u00ebt\u201d, libri i par\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Po me mjedisin detar lidhet nj\u00eb proverb i banor\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb Epidamnit, t\u00eb cilin e tregon n\u00eb form\u00eb ngjarjeje Diodori (shekulli i par\u00eb para er\u00ebs son\u00eb). Diodori sh\u00ebnon: Fjala e urt\u00eb: \u201cMos e tepro\u201d do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kesh mas\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb dhe q\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje njer\u00ebzore nuk duhet t\u00eb shkosh deri n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e fundit sikurse e b\u00ebn\u00eb epidamnasit. K\u00ebta banonin n\u00eb brigjet e Adriatikut dhe ishin n\u00eb luft\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, ata hodh\u00ebn n\u00eb det nj\u00eb tok hekura t\u00eb skuqura dhe u betuan se nuk do t\u2019i jepnin fund armiq\u00ebsive t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebrderisa t\u00eb nxirrnin nga deti akoma t\u00eb nxeht\u00eb hekurat. Betim i kot\u00eb dhe n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me fjal\u00ebn e urt\u00eb \u201cMos e tepro\u201d. Rrethanat i detyruan m\u00eb von\u00eb epidamnasit t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje dhe t\u2019i len\u00eb t\u00eb ftohen hekurat n\u00eb thell\u00ebsit\u00eb e humner\u00ebs.
\nSi\u00e7 u pa m\u00eb sip\u00ebr detet Adriatik dhe Jon kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me historin\u00eb shum\u00ebshekullore t\u00eb fiseve ilire. Mitet e legjendat ilire q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendin detet, per\u00ebndit\u00eb e uj\u00ebrave etj flasin qart\u00eb p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e deteve e t\u00eb mjedisit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ekonomike, kulturore e legjenddare t\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebve tan\u00eb.(1980).<\/p>\n

TRADITA T\u00cb TEATRIT ANTIK N\u00cb DURR\u00cbS<\/p>\n

N\u00ebndheu arkeologjik i Durr\u00ebsit ende ruan me k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulje nj\u00eb ennigm\u00eb t\u00eb bukur: teatrin antik t\u00eb qytetit. Pse jemi kaq t\u00eb sigurt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij teatri antik? Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr faktin se qytetet e lashta kan\u00eb patur pa tjet\u00ebr teatrot e tyre, si Orikumi Butintin, Bulisi, Adtianopoli, Apolonia etj, q\u00eb si qytete arkeologjike num\u00ebrojn\u00eb n\u00eb koleksionet e tyre t\u00eb pavdekshme edhe teatrot e lasht\u00eb, me skenat e shkallaret plot imazhet e dikurshme t\u00eb \u00e7faqjeve t\u00eb vjetra aktor\u00ebve, dramaturgve dhe shikuesve t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb madh ilir. Jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebto argymente logjike, por edhe pse realisht deri m\u00eb sot arkeolog\u00ebt kan\u00eb gjetur objekte konkrete q\u00eb d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e traditat e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb artit teatror n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kryeqendr\u00ebn t\u00eb motshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb mesme: zbulimi i amfiteatrit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb II t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb tregon se lojrat e gl\u00ebdiator\u00ebve kishin nj\u00eb sh\u00ebmb\u00eblltyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb her\u00ebshme \u00e7faqjet e teatrit.<\/p>\n

Pushtuesit romak\u00eb e degraduan me cinizmin kuptimin fisnik t\u00eb shfaqjeve. Rruga nga teatri antik tek amfiteatri, nga dramat artistike n\u00eb dramat makabre t\u00eb vrasjes reale t\u00eb njerz\u00ebve, shpreh bot\u00ebkuptimin e kthimit t\u00eb vrasjes n\u00eb art, pra nj\u00eb ekstrem t\u00eb antikitetit e t\u00eb zvet\u00ebnimit e t\u00eb \u201czot\u00ebrve t\u00eb bot\u00ebs\u201d.<\/p>\n

Po ku mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet e t\u00eb gjendet teatri i lasht\u00eb i Durr\u00ebsit? A ka patur nj\u00eb teat\u00ebr, apo disa, si\u00e7 ndodh n\u00eb disa qytete t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. K\u00ebto pyetje k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje nga arkeolog\u00ebt, ato mbajn\u00eb ndezur k\u00ebrsh\u00ebrin\u00eb e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve.
\nGjeneza e teatrit antik jan\u00eb ritualet dionisake, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb spektakle stinore e popullore kushtuar hyut t\u00eb pjelloris\u00eb, t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb p\u00ebrt\u00ebrit\u00ebse t\u00eb dheut e t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb vreshtave e t\u00eb parmend\u00ebs, Dionisit. Nj\u00eb kok\u00eb e gdhendur n\u00eb gur g\u00eblqeror e Donisit, q\u00eb sot gjendet n\u00eb muzeun arkeologjik t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e nj\u00eb statuje t\u00eb madhe, af\u00ebr tre metra e lart\u00eb. Dionisi paraqitet me nj\u00eb fytyr\u00eb madh\u00ebshtore, me flok\u00eb t\u00eb modeluar e g\u00ebrsheta, si dhe me mjek\u00ebr. Kulti i Dionisit mbizot\u00ebron sidomos n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn arkaike. Nga shekulli i kat\u00ebrt para er\u00ebs son\u00eb shfaqjet e teatrit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara me sa duket, n\u00eb mjedisin arkitektonik t\u00eb sken\u00ebs e t\u00eb shkallar\u00ebve, pra nga ritualet n\u00eb natyr\u00eb kalohet n\u00eb subjektin, personazhet e rekuit\u00ebn e nj\u00eb istitucioni t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs: n\u00ebn\u00ebstruktur\u00ebn e teatrit. Kjo struktur\u00eb zbukurohej me skulptura, zakobisht kushtuar brezave, muz\u00ebs s\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb t\u00eb quajtur Melpomeni dhe muz\u00ebs s\u00eb komedis\u00eb quajtur Talia. \u00cbsht\u00eb gjetur pik\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb shtat i skulptur\u00ebs n\u00eb mermer i Melpomenit, simbol figurativ i arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb fshehur n\u00ebn tok\u00eb t\u00eb teatrit. Melpomeni paraqitet e cop\u00ebtuar (ajo bart k\u00ebshtu edhe nj\u00eb kuptim fizik t\u00eb saj\u00ebn t\u00eb tragjedis\u00eb) dhe mban n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e djatht\u00eb nj\u00eb mask\u00eb tragjike burrash (edhe maska \u00ebsht\u00eb e fragmentuar).
\nK\u00ebt\u00eb skulptur\u00eb e kan\u00eb par\u00eb me syt\u00eb e tyre shikuesit e 20 e ca shekujve m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb sfond t\u00eb saj kan\u00eb deklamuar aktor\u00ebt e jan\u00eb v\u00ebrtitur t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar tragjedian\u00ebt e komedian\u00ebt e Durr\u00ebsit t\u00eb st\u00ebrlasht\u00eb.
\nAktor\u00ebt p\u00ebrdornin maska t\u00eb ndryshme sipas rokeve. N\u00eb Durr\u00ebs jan\u00eb gjetur disa maska q\u00eb lidhen me teatrin. Nj\u00eb mask\u00eb e till\u00eb e p\u00ebrshkruan Prashnikeri. Maska ka qen\u00eb e gdhendur n\u00eb gur dhe e pikturuar sipas zakonit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Lart\u00ebsia e mask\u00ebs qe 0.40 metra, gjer\u00ebsia 0.30 metra. N\u00eb goj\u00eb kishte gjurm\u00eb boje t\u00eb kuqe n\u00eb faqet e p\u00ebrb\u00ebra prej tri rrudhave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kishte gjurm\u00eb boje t\u00eb verdh\u00eb.
\nTipi me hund\u00ebn e shtypur dhe t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, me goj\u00ebn e hapur si nj\u00eb buri altoparlanti, kat\u00ebr ka\u00e7urrelat e stilizuara t\u00eb mjekr\u00ebs e ven\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mask\u00eb n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn e maskave t\u00eb komedis\u00eb s\u00eb re atikase.
\nDisa maska t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmasave t\u00eb vogla dhe jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb mjediset e pun\u00ebs familjare t\u00eb aktor\u00ebve, si maska kulti, t\u00eb shfaqjeve t\u00eb teatrit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.
\nDhe ja arkeolog\u00ebt kan\u00eb zbuluar rafigurime prej terakote t\u00eb aktor\u00ebve tragjik\u00eb e komik\u00eb. Fytyrat e tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb stilizuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb groteske, me tipare t\u00eb karikaturizuara. K\u00ebto tipare ndjellin humorin t\u00eb qeshurat. Nj\u00eb figursn\u00eb aktori e paraqet artistin e mo\u00e7\u00ebm t\u00eb sken\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb sken\u00eb banketi, t\u00eb shtrir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me d\u00ebfryesit e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb doktrin\u00ebs s\u00eb Epikurit, t\u00eb g\u00ebzimit, t\u00eb ritualeve t\u00eb Dionisit pjellor, hyut t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb stin\u00ebve, t\u00eb zanafill\u00ebs s\u00eb artit kaq interesant t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit shfaqjeve publike, t\u00eb monolog\u00ebve, dialog\u00ebve, valleve, t\u00eb personazheve dhe t\u00eb korit me korifeun, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb ve\u00e7ori tep\u00ebr origjinale e nj\u00eb personazh kolektiv t\u00eb teatrit antik.
\nTragjedit\u00eb e komedit\u00eb qen\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm art i fjal\u00ebs pantonim\u00ebs dhe koreografis\u00eb, nj\u00eb sintez\u00eb e tyre, por edhe arti i muzik\u00ebs s\u00eb tij. Tingujt e veglave muzikor\u00eb shoq\u00ebronin skenat, prolog\u00ebt, e epilog\u00ebt. Terakota e nj\u00eb muzikanti me nj\u00eb fyell t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb jehona e dyfisht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb jehona e dikurshme e muzik\u00ebs s\u00eb sken\u00ebs.
\nKjo muzik\u00eb s\u2019ka mbetur, por ajo ka qen\u00eb element i shfaqjeve e ritualeve kaq intime n\u00eb motshm\u00ebri, q\u00eb teatri ka edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr en\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebr sht\u00ebpi; keramikist\u00ebt, artizan\u00ebt e balt\u00ebs, b\u00ebnin figurat e fytyrat e Silen\u00ebve, k\u00ebtyre shoq\u00ebruesve t\u00eb hyut Dionis, me fytyra burrleske, si rekuizit\u00eb e shfaqjeve komike e ritualeske. Gjithashtu, arkeolog\u00ebt kan\u00eb zbuluar edhe kukulla prej terakote me t\u00eb cilat jepeshin shfaqje p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, vocrrak\u00ebt ilir\u00eb. Shfaqjet e teatrit t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve plot\u00ebsojn\u00eb tablon\u00eb e shfaqjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur, si dhe t\u00eb teatrit t\u00eb epok\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.
\nArtist\u00ebt e teatrit, shkrimtar\u00ebt dramaturg\u00ebt e qytetit t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e gjall\u00eb t\u00eb dikursh\u00ebm, kan\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebto d\u00ebshmi mermeri e terakote, n\u00eb figurat e modeluara t\u00eb skulptur\u00ebs e miniturave. K\u00ebto d\u00ebshmi jan\u00eb mesazh i traditave shekullore t\u00eb artit, si dhe aroma e nj\u00eb luleje t\u00eb till\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb struktura e fshehur n\u00ebn dhe dhe e teatrit antik t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit.(1980)<\/p>\n

TERMETET E DURRESIT DHE TOPOGRAFIA E QYTETIT TE LASHTE<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtja e p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb topografis\u00eb t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7eshtje q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me arkeologjin\u00eb e historin\u00eb. Por kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje p\u00ebr t\u2019u sqaruar sakt\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shikohet dhe nga pikpamja e disiplinave t\u00eb tjera shkencore. Nj\u00eb kontribut me vler\u00eb mund t\u00eb japin sizmolog\u00ebt studiuesit e llojeve t\u00eb t\u00ebrmeteve, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb kronikat q\u00eb i p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00ebrmete, por edhe nga m\u00ebnyra e \u00e7vendosjes s\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb tok\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar q\u00eb ruhet ende sot.
\nHistoria sh\u00ebnon tre t\u00ebrmete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha q\u00eb kan\u00eb shkaktuar d\u00ebme shkat\u00ebrruese p\u00ebr qytetin e Durr\u00ebsit. T\u00ebrmeti i par\u00eb ka ndodhur n\u00eb vitin 345, i dyti n\u00eb 515 dhe i treti n\u00eb korrik t\u00eb vitit 1273.
\nN\u00eb nj\u00eb traktat anonim t\u00eb mesit t\u00eb shekullit IV t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb me titull \u201cDescriptio totius mundi et gentium\u201d (P\u00ebrshkrimi i gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs dhe popujve), p\u00ebrmendet t\u00ebrmeti i vitit 345. Aty thuhet: \u201cDyrrahu p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb veseve t\u00eb k\u00ebqia t\u00eb banor\u00ebve t\u00eb tij u shkat\u00ebrrua nga per\u00ebndia i zem\u00ebruar, u fundos dhe nuk u duk m\u00eb\u201d. Q\u00ebndrimi armiqsor dhe nj\u00eb shpjegim i till\u00eb biblik i t\u00ebrmetit nga autori anonim shpjegohet me shkaqet e kontradiktave sociale q\u00eb ekzistonin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb pavar\u00ebsie relative q\u00eb kishte qyteti i Durr\u00ebsit ndaj Perandoris\u00eb Romake. P\u00ebr ne ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi q\u00eb termeti ka qen\u00eb i llojit tektonik (me fundosje). N\u00eb vitin 479 qyteti u shkat\u00ebrrua edhe nga pushtimi i p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm ostrogot. Megjith\u00eb katastrof\u00ebn jeta n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet nuk u shua. N\u00eb shekullin e V-t\u00eb ai \u00ebsht\u00eb rind\u00ebrtuar e zgjeruar p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Prokopi i Gaz\u00ebs q\u00eb ka jetuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shekull thot\u00eb: \u201cEpidamnit i k\u00ebndojn\u00eb shkrimtar\u00ebt dhe bu\u00e7et p\u00ebr t\u00eb fama si nj\u00eb qytet q\u00eb zgjatet nga toka n\u00eb det e q\u00eb banohet n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nga t\u00eb dyja. K\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb jen\u00eb banor\u00eb t\u00eb ishullit dhe t\u00eb kontinentit\u201d. Perandori bizantin Anastasi I-r\u00eb (491-518) q\u00eb ishte me origjin\u00eb nga Durr\u00ebsi b\u00ebri shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrtime n\u00eb vendlindjen e tij. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shekullit VI mori fund n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs nd\u00ebrtimi i tri radh\u00eb mureve t\u00eb fortifikuar p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e qytetit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs qe ngritur edhe hipodromi, funksiononte edhe uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsi e biblioteka.
\nN\u00eb vitin 518 n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs ra nj\u00eb t\u00ebrmet i ri. Pasardh\u00ebsit e perandor Anastasit, Justini dhe Justiniani, rind\u00ebrtuan kalan\u00eb, muret mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb qytetit.
\nP\u00ebr t\u00ebrmetin q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb korrik t\u00eb vitit 1273 ruhet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim i plot\u00eb: \u201cAty nga muaji korrik e tronditnin dheun vazhdimisht zhurma, t\u00eb cilave mund t\u2019u themi edhe gj\u00ebmime q\u00eb tregonin se s\u00eb af\u00ebrmi do t\u00eb ngjiste nj\u00eb e keqe. P\u00ebr \u00e7do dit\u00eb gj\u00ebmimet d\u00ebgjoheshin m\u00eb t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. Kur erdhi nata mbas k\u00ebtyre zhurmave, u b\u00eb t\u00ebrmeti i r\u00ebnd\u00eb e m\u00eb i madhi nga ata q\u00eb p\u00ebrmendeshin. Ky nuk qe nj\u00eb drithrim i dheut anash ose pjerrtas, po nj\u00eb l\u00ebkundje e fort\u00eb nga posht\u00eb lart, sa n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ast t\u00ebr\u00eb ai qytet u kthye nga themelet dhe ra p\u00ebr tok\u00eb. Sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e ngrehinat nuk q\u00ebndruan aspak, por u shemb\u00ebn e ran\u00eb duke z\u00ebn\u00eb njer\u00ebz brenda mbasi s\u2019kishin nga t\u00eb iknin sepse dend\u00ebsia e nd\u00ebrtesave e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsonte ikjen e tyre. Fatkeq\u00ebsia qe e p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe si nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Deti vlonte e bu\u00e7iste jasht\u00eb, e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pandehnin se erdhi mbarimi i bot\u00ebs. T\u00ebrmeti mbajti jo pak, sa q\u00eb s\u2019mbeti gj\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Akropolit, q\u00eb duroi dhe s\u2019iu p\u00ebrkul t\u00ebrmetit. Kur u b\u00eb dit\u00eb u hodh\u00ebn p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb banor\u00ebt e rrethit me shata e me kazma\u201d.
\nDhe ky t\u00ebrmet, m\u00eb i madhi, ishte i llojit tektonik me val\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. P\u00ebr 11 vjet qyteti mbeti krejt\u00ebsisht i pabanuar. N\u00eb vitin 1284 filloi rind\u00ebrtimi, por qyteti s\u2019e mori veten. N\u00eb vitin 1496 Arnold Fon Harfi q\u00eb e vizitoi Durr\u00ebsin e quajti \u201cqytet t\u00eb rr\u00ebnuar\u201d. \u00c7\u2019konkluzione dalin tani p\u00ebr studimin topografis\u00eb s\u00eb qytetit antik? Tre t\u00ebrmetet kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrime sipas disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave sidomos n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb qytetit antik. Ana Komnena e Gulielmi i Apuljes p\u00ebrmendin ekzistenc\u00ebn e shum\u00eb g\u00ebrmadhave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb. Leon Hezei d\u00ebshmon se midis fshatit Stan e kodr\u00ebs kuota 70 nga l\u00ebkundjet e t\u00ebrmeteve deri von\u00eb qe \u00e7ar\u00eb toka deri n\u00eb disa metra thell\u00ebsi.
\nShembje t\u00eb shkrepave argjilor\u00eb t\u00eb kodrave ka patur edhe n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore e kemi mbushje t\u00eb bregut t\u00eb deti si psh te vendi i quajtur Batlla e Currila. T\u00ebrmetet kan\u00eb ndikuar edhe p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket k\u00ebnet\u00ebs e sip\u00ebrfaqes lindore t\u00eb qytetit q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin XV, p\u00ebrmendet me emrin \u201cBallta\u201d. Gjetja k\u00ebto koh\u00ebt e fundit n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Port\u00ebz\u00ebs, n\u00ebn det, t\u00eb g\u00ebrmadhave t\u00eb mureve me gur\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb lidhur pa lla\u00e7 me njeri tjetrin e t\u00eb qeramik\u00ebs masive q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket shekullit IV p.e.s. e shekullit I-r\u00eb t\u00eb e. son\u00eb flet pa tjet\u00ebr se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pik\u00eb kemi fundosje t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb tok\u00ebs e zaptim t\u00eb saj prej detit.
\nT\u00ebrmetet kan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar edhe shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mureve rrethues. Nj\u00eb fragment i till\u00eb muri \u00ebsht\u00eb rrokullisur nga maja e kodr\u00ebs deri n\u00eb breg t\u00eb detit n\u00eb Kallm. Sipas Prashnikerit qendra e qytetit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb pozicioni ku \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar mozaiku i quajtur \u201cBukuroshja e Durr\u00ebsit\u201d. P\u00ebrhapja e shtrirja e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb kanaleve me nd\u00ebrtim tulle p\u00ebrcakton se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb kemi v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb lagjeve kryesore t\u00eb qytetit.
\nStudimi i topografis\u00eb s\u00eb qytetit i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7vendosur disa her\u00eb gjat\u00eb shekujve lidhet m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi edhe me zbulimet arkeologjike n\u00ebn det. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrcaktimi i pikave t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb fundosur, shkaktuar nga shembjet tektonike do t\u00eb let\u00ebsojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkimet e zbulimin e objekteve arkeologjike q\u00eb fsheh deti.(1980<\/p>\n

P\u00cbRSERI MBI KALORESIN PREJ BRONXI<\/p>\n

Kaloresi prej Bronxi \u2013 ky subjekt madhor i traditave t\u00eb artit skulpturor t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, mban ndezur kureshtjen dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb motiv diskutimesh shkencore. T\u00eb kujtohet padashur poema e njohur e Pushkinit p\u00ebr Kalor\u00ebsin prej Bronxi t\u00eb Falkones. Edhe Durr\u00ebsi ka pasur nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, por shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb koh\u00eb. Skulptura bronxore e madhe ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozicion t\u00eb caktuar: pran\u00eb Port\u00ebs midis veriut dhe lindjes (sipas d\u00ebshmive historike her\u00eb quhet e veriut, her\u00eb e lindjes, disa her\u00eb edhe per\u00ebndimit), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb mbiem\u00ebruar edhe Porta Kabalina, d.m.th. e Kalor\u00ebsit.
\nProblem shkencor akoma i hapur mbetet identifikimi i skulptur\u00ebs, cilin person historik t\u00eb qytetit ka paraqitur, kush skulptor i madh e b\u00ebri, n\u00eb cil\u00ebn fonderi artistike u derdh, me \u00e7\u2019rast, n\u00eb cilin shekull, \u00e7\u2019u b\u00eb mbas shekullit XVII (deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shekull d\u00ebshmohet ekzistenca e skulptur\u00ebs nga d\u00ebshmitar\u00ebt okular\u00eb, si e v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje edhe Jeri\u00e7eku) etj. T\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebto pyetje duan p\u00ebrgjigje. Duke u nisur nga fundi ne mund t\u00eb themi se skulptura n\u00eb fjal\u00eb ose \u00ebsht\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nga turqit, ose \u00ebsht\u00eb grabitur. Pra, nj\u00eb epilog tragjik.
\nKemi b\u00ebr\u00eb disa shkrime mbi Kalor\u00ebsin prej Bronxi, ku kemi dh\u00ebn\u00eb mendime, si dhe hamendje mbi t\u00eb. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera kemi shprehur hamendjen (hipotez\u00ebn) duke u nisur nga nj\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb e Marin Barletit se ndoshta statuja me kal\u00eb ka qen\u00eb e Adrianit (shekulli II i er\u00ebs son\u00eb.) Barleti n\u00eb fakt flet p\u00ebr trupore, jo p\u00ebr statuj\u00ebn e nj\u00eb kalor\u00ebsi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb edhe kjo hamendja jon\u00eb duhet marr\u00eb me rezerv\u00eb. Tani mendojm\u00eb se truporja e Adrianit ishte nj\u00eb nga skulpturat e shumta monumentale q\u00eb kishte Durr\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb pushtimin nga turqit m\u00eb 1501, t\u00eb cilat i p\u00ebrmend Barleti dhe jo vet\u00eb Kalor\u00ebsi prej Bronxi. Koh\u00ebt e fundit u konsultuam n\u00eb antikuarin e Bibliotek\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare me nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb shekullit XVI shkruar e botuar n\u00eb Venedik nga Korolian Kepione nga Dalmacia (viti 1570). Libri \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar fillimisht n\u00eb latinisht e botuar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn italiane dhe i kushtohet Pjet\u00ebr Ma\u00e7enikos, Kapiten i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Detit t\u00eb Sinjoris\u00eb s\u00eb Kthjell\u00ebt t\u00eb Venedikut, i cili ka luftuar kund\u00ebr turqve e veprimet e tij luftarake lidhen edhe me Durr\u00ebsin. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr ka edhe nj\u00eb informat\u00eb t\u00eb re mbi Kalor\u00ebsin prej Bronxi (n\u00eb faqet 44-45) ku thuhet: \u201cKy qytet (Durr\u00ebsi) \u00ebsht\u00eb prishur nga luft\u00ebrat civile\u2026 Pompeu k\u00ebtu ushtroi t\u00ebr\u00eb taktikat e luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr Cezarit, duke e shkat\u00ebrruar dhe e kthyer at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb coptuar e t\u00eb pabanuar, por megjithat\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb ende disa shenja t\u00eb qytetit t\u00eb banuar, nd\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb statuj\u00eb e nj\u00eb Kalor\u00ebsi prej Bronxi, n\u00eb Port\u00ebn ku mbaron toka e papunuar. K\u00ebshtu (mbasi nuk ka mbishkrim), disa thon\u00eb se statuja \u00ebsht\u00eb e Theodosit perandor dhe disa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb e Kostandinit\u201d. Pra, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri jo nj\u00eb identifikim i sakt\u00eb. Perandore t\u00eb Bizantit me emrin Theodosi ka pasur dy: Theodosi II (408-457) e Theodosi III (715-718), pra nj\u00ebri ka jetuar n\u00eb shekullin V e tjetri n\u00eb shekullin VIII. Kurse me emrin Kostandin ka 8 perandor\u00eb. Si\u00e7 shihet, asgj\u00eb s\u2019mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet me siguri. N\u00eb informacionin e Kolirian Kepiones, megjithat\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb detaj me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi kryesore p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen ton\u00eb. Ai thot\u00eb se statuja nuk ka mbishkrim. D.m.th. n\u00eb koh\u00ebra t\u00eb ndryshme k\u00ebsaj statuje i kan\u00eb atribuar emra t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm. A nuk u gabua edhe Leon Hezei q\u00eb, duke u nisur nga nj\u00eb mbishkrim i gjetur pran\u00eb Port\u00ebs Kabalina (ai i skulpcionit), beri nj\u00eb hamendje t\u00eb pasakt\u00eb?
\nSi p\u00ebrfundim, themi se t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e deritanishme nuk na ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se cilit person historik i p\u00ebrkiste statuja e famshme. Kaloresi prej Bronxi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mbuluar me velen e legjend\u00ebs. Rr\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ka q\u00eb kjo skulptur\u00eb ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e shpirtit krijues e talentit t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb qytetit ton\u00eb. Nga kjo pik\u00ebpamje s\u2019do t\u00eb harrohet.( 1976.)<\/p>\n

Moikom Zeqo<\/p>\n

Gazeta Dita<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Moikom Zeqo: – Legjendat ilire p\u00ebr detet Adriatik dhe Jon 16 maji \u00a02020 Ilir\u00ebt e motsh\u00ebm kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb nga popujt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj m\u00eb kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Ata kan\u00eb jetuar gjithashtu ndan\u00eb brigjeve t\u00eb Adriatikut dhe Jonit, dy dete p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ruhen edhe legjenda e goj\u00ebdh\u00ebna ilire, t\u00eb regjistruara edhe nga […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":35740,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[85,10,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori","category-kultura","category-trashegimi-kulturore"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Moikom-Zeqo.jpg?fit=696%2C393&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-9ir","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":100020,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/vetem-lutesha-qe-te-mbijetoja-trajneri-i-njohur-rrefen-betejen-tronditese-me-hantavirusin\/","url_meta":{"origin":35739,"position":0},"title":"\u2018Vet\u00ebm lutesha q\u00eb t\u00eb mbijetoja\u2019\/ Trajneri i njohur rr\u00ebfen betej\u00ebn trondit\u00ebse me hantavirusin","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"May 8, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"8 Maji 2026 Nga Matteo Tomada,\u00a0BILD \u201cIshin tri jav\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqija t\u00eb jet\u00ebs sime\u201d. Me k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb ish-trajneri i Bundeslig\u00ebs, Ralph Hasenh\u00fcttl (58 vje\u00e7, ish-trajner i VfL Wolfsburg dhe RB Leipzig) p\u00ebrshkruan s\u00ebmundjen e tij me hantavirus. 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