{"id":31120,"date":"2020-02-05T08:43:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-05T08:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/?p=31120"},"modified":"2020-02-05T08:43:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T08:43:17","slug":"si-u-shkaterrua-kultura-ilire-nga-dyndjet-sllave-dhe-osmane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/si-u-shkaterrua-kultura-ilire-nga-dyndjet-sllave-dhe-osmane\/","title":{"rendered":"Si u shkat\u00ebrrua kultura ilire nga dyndjet sllave dhe osmane"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Si u shkat\u00ebrrua kultura ilire nga dyndjet sllave dhe osmane<\/strong><\/p>\n

04\/02\/2020<\/p>\n

Intervista\/ Aleksand\u00ebr Meksi flet si restaurator: Kultura ilire n\u00ebn dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb mbuluar nga nd\u00ebrtimi i pallateve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga Leonard Veizi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Historia e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti edhe p\u00ebrmes asaj \u00e7far\u00eb na ofron nj\u00eb objekt kulti. N\u00eb fillim jan\u00eb ngritur kishat e ritit katolik, m\u00eb pas ato t\u00eb ritit ortodoks dhe n\u00eb shekullin XV nisi edhe ngritja e xhamive e teqeve, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrshtat\u00ebn si t\u00eb tilla edhe nd\u00ebrtesat q\u00eb deri m\u00eb para pushtimit osman kishin sh\u00ebrbyer si objekte kulti kishtare. Por, m\u00eb e keqja do t\u00eb vinte m\u00eb pas\u2026<\/p>\n

\u201cFeja \u00ebsht\u00eb opiumi i popujve\u201d. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb motiv, dhe n\u00ebn ndikimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb Revolucionit Kulturor Kinez, m\u00eb 6 shkurt Enver Hoxha mbajti fjalim p\u00ebr \u201crevolucionarizimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb partis\u00eb dhe pushtetit\u201d, pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e t\u00eb cilit ishte edhe lufta kund\u00ebr \u201cideologjis\u00eb fetare\u201d e \u201czakoneve prapanike\u201d. Pas k\u00ebsaj, regjimi ateist e ndaloi ushtrimin e fes\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. N\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb 1967-\u00ebs, doli dekreti me nr. 4337, me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit anulohej legalizimi i komuniteteve fetare dhe ndaloheshin t\u00eb gjitha ritet. Nd\u00ebrkaq, me nj\u00eb nism\u00eb t\u00eb pabesueshme t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e shkollave t\u00eb Durr\u00ebsit, t\u00eb prir\u00eb nga shkolla \u201cNaim Frash\u00ebri\u201d, sulmuan dhe shkat\u00ebrruan shenjt\u00ebroren ortodokse n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Vlash. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb nisi n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb shembja e objekteve t\u00eb kultit. Revolucioni p\u00ebrfundoi me shkat\u00ebrrimin e 2169 objekteve, nga t\u00eb cilat 608 kisha ortodokse e manastire, 157 kisha katolike, 740 xhami dhe 530 teqe.<\/p>\n

Me vrullin e marr\u00eb mund t\u00eb ishin prishur t\u00eb gjitha, sa mos kishte mbetur gj\u00eb mbi dhe, por diku dora u ndal. V\u00ebrtet shum\u00eb monumente kulti t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme u prish\u00ebn, por disa t\u00eb tjera po aq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb mbijetonin. Ato u mor\u00ebn n\u00eb mbrojtje nga Instituti i Monumenteve. Por, \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhi me monumentet e mbetura? Prof. dr. Aleksand\u00ebr Meksi, nj\u00eb nga njoh\u00ebsit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb restaurimit, shpjegon p\u00ebr \u201cFjala\u201d:<\/p>\n

\"\"

Aleksander Meksi<\/p><\/div>\n

Prof. Dr. Aleksand\u00ebr Meksi<\/p>\n

Si u seleksionuan objektet e kultit n\u00eb ato q\u00eb duheshin shkat\u00ebrruar dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb tjerat q\u00eb duheshin ruajtur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Objektet e kultit nuk ishin t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb mbrojtje shtet\u00ebrore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr ato q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb shtetit. U b\u00eb nj\u00eb reduktim i list\u00ebs ku ishin t\u00eb gjitha objektet e kultit. M\u00eb sakt\u00eb, u krijua nj\u00eb komision, q\u00eb b\u00ebri nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj liste. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb se thuhej haptazi se cilat duhet t\u00eb mbaheshin dhe cilat jo, por ta z\u00ebm\u00eb se nga 200 objekte rreth 100 t\u00eb tilla u prish\u00ebn. U ruajt\u00ebn monumentet (kisha edhe xhami) q\u00eb u gjykuan me vlera m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se ato q\u00eb do t\u00eb largoheshin. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre objekteve q\u00eb ishin menduar p\u00ebr t\u2019u hequr, ndodheshin n\u00ebp\u00ebr zona shum\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta dhe shp\u00ebtuan. Tanim\u00eb jan\u00eb rikthyer n\u00eb pozicionin fetar q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur dikur. Por, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb edhe humb\u00ebn. Them se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb u rr\u00ebnuan, t\u00eb tjera u transformuan dhe u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn p\u00ebr depo. Natyrisht q\u00eb pikturat murale t\u00eb tyre nuk rezistuan, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimi qe i madh.<\/p>\n

Objektet e kultit shkat\u00ebrroheshin me urdh\u00ebr nga lart apo edhe nga iniciativa q\u00eb merrte baza?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pa dyshim. P\u00ebr shembull, minaret e nj\u00eb pjese t\u00eb xhamive ishin shkat\u00ebrruar kur u vun\u00eb n\u00eb mbrojtje shtet\u00ebrore, sepse ata t\u00eb pushtetit lokal kishin nj\u00eb zell t\u00eb tep\u00ebrt dhe nuk duruan q\u00eb t\u00eb dilte lista, por iu fut\u00ebn pun\u00ebs, sepse u desh nja dy vjet derisa u b\u00eb seleksionimi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0P\u00ebrse u desh nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kaq e gjat\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sepse ky seleksionim u shoq\u00ebrua me dokumentacionin shkencor t\u00eb tyre, me fotografit\u00eb, p\u00ebrshkrimin, rilevimin etj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb u b\u00eb. U gjykua sipas vler\u00ebs, koh\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, autor\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb piktor\u00ebve, n\u00eb rastin e pikturave murale. Pra, u desh koh\u00eb q\u00eb lista t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohej.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr restaurimin, ju ka q\u00eblluar t\u00eb ndeshnit q\u00eb nj\u00eb godin\u00eb m\u00eb e re t\u00eb jet\u00eb ngritur mbi themelet e nj\u00eb objekti t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr kulti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po, ka. Po kujtoj n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs, ku n\u00eb mes t\u00eb qytetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb xhami, xhamia e Fatihut. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi nj\u00eb kish\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 10-t\u00eb. Pas vitit 1501 menj\u00ebher\u00eb me pushtimin e Durr\u00ebsit nga osman\u00ebt, ajo u kthye n\u00eb xhami. Ishin osman\u00ebt ata q\u00eb u mor\u00ebn venedikasve. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e godin\u00ebs u prish, sepse nuk i p\u00ebrshtatej nj\u00eb xhamie si form\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga rastet kur xhamia \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur mbi nj\u00eb kish\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu kisha e Sh\u00ebn Stefanit mbi kalan\u00eb e Shkodr\u00ebs, e cila gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb kish\u00eb e kthyer n\u00eb xhami. Por, ka dhe dy-tri raste t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Tashm\u00eb s\u00eb fundi Xhamia Mbret q\u00eb po restaurohet nga fondacionet turke, atje ku \u00ebsht\u00eb teqeja e Helvetiv\u00ebve, dy-tri metra n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi doli nj\u00eb mozaik q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket periudh\u00ebs paleokristiane t\u00eb shekullit V-VI. Pra, n\u00eb themele ka nj\u00eb histori n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr se ajo q\u00eb duket n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm nd\u00ebrhyrja e administrat\u00ebs osmane solli ndryshime t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb kultit apo ka pasur dhe raste t\u00eb tjera?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka pasur dhe m\u00eb par\u00eb se kaq. Shum\u00eb objekte t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb prishur sepse shkat\u00ebrrimet q\u00eb soll\u00ebn dyndjet sllave kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Pastaj, n\u00eb qoft\u00eb se n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtuar dhe i zhvilluar m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, nd\u00ebrtohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht gjenden nd\u00ebrtime m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra. Ashtu si\u00e7 shpeshher\u00eb thuhet se \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi nj\u00eb kish\u00eb, por nuk rezulton e till\u00eb. Duhen kryer g\u00ebrmime t\u00eb thella arkeologjike p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur q\u00eb realisht ka qen\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb kish\u00eb apo jo. Kurse ka t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb jan\u00eb rind\u00ebrtime mbi kisha m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra, t\u00eb themi pjes\u00ebrisht ruhen muret e periudh\u00ebs paleokristiane t\u00eb shekullit V-VI. M\u00eb von\u00eb objekti \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur edhe n\u00eb mure t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb literatur\u00eb shkruhet se n\u00eb Ilirin\u00eb antike kishte nj\u00eb amfiteat\u00ebr t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs helene apo nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs romake. Po nga kultura ilire, \u00e7far\u00eb gjurm\u00ebsh ka?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka edhe gjurm\u00eb nga kultura ilire. N\u00eb disa raste gjen varreza t\u00eb vjetra, nd\u00ebrtime t\u00eb vjetra. Durr\u00ebsi sot mund t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb vend i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur mbetje nga kultura ilire, por pas vitit 1997 pik\u00ebrisht zona arkeologjike e qytetit ka humbur, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb truall p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtime pallatesh.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb studimet tuaja keni shkruar shum\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr kish\u00ebn e Mesopotamit. Mendohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb nga t\u00eb rrallat n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb ku kryheshin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn kupol\u00eb si ritet katolike ashtu edhe ato ortodokse\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00ebto objekte kulti jan\u00eb t\u00eb rralla p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht. Gjat\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shekullit XIII, anzhuin\u00ebt, dinastia franceze, q\u00eb kishin n\u00ebn zot\u00ebrim edhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Arbrit, marrin p\u00ebr nuse n\u00eb oborrin e tyre vajz\u00ebn e despotit t\u00eb Epirit. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Mesopotami b\u00ebnte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb despotatin e Epirit. Ishte manastir q\u00eb varej direkt nga patrikana e Kostandinopoj\u00ebs. Pra, nuk varej nga peshkopi vend\u00ebs, fjala vjen nga ai i Gjirokastr\u00ebs, i Himar\u00ebs apo i Butrintit. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb katolik\u00ebt shtin\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb edhe Butrintin dhe kishin peshkopin e tyre p\u00ebr 100 vjet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, ku n\u00eb list\u00eb jan\u00eb 3-4 emra peshkop\u00ebsh katolik\u00eb. Pra, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore mor\u00ebn n\u00eb dor\u00eb edhe manastirin, i cili asokohe kishte vet\u00ebm t\u00eb krishter\u00eb. Ka edhe sherre nd\u00ebrmjet tyre s\u00eb paku deri nga viti 1304 koh\u00eb kur u prish\u00ebn dhe katolik\u00ebt u larguan nga ndikimi. Sherri nd\u00ebrmjet ortodoks\u00ebve dhe katolik\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb i dokumentuar, sepse igumeni i k\u00ebtij manastiri bashk\u00eb me dy-tre igumen\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, kur katolik\u00ebt ishin shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb Epir, shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb Napoli t\u00eb ankohen ndaj v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebr ushtrimin e ritit ortodoks. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja q\u00eb kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb, e cila ka nj\u00eb form\u00eb unikale thuajse n\u00eb k\u00ebto p\u00ebrmasa, n\u00eb k\u00ebto vlera, n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb kultur\u00ebn bizantine.<\/p>\n

Pra, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe manastiri ishte edhe ortodoks, edhe katolik. Pra, ky nd\u00ebrtim i ri q\u00eb u b\u00eb brenda manastirit, ishte m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr. Aty ka dy altar\u00eb. Ka dy variante p\u00ebr to: nj\u00eb objekt kulti ka dy altar\u00eb, ose kur ato jan\u00eb p\u00ebr dy shenjtor\u00eb, ose n\u00eb rastin q\u00eb nj\u00eb altar p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr ortodoks\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebr katolik\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt bashk\u00ebjetonin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn kupol\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Aleksander Meksi dhe Prof. Piro Thomo<\/p><\/div>\n

Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb katolik\u00ebt rreth viteve 1200 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Jug t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7erekun e fundit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 13-t\u00eb, jan\u00eb k\u00ebta kufijt\u00eb kohor\u00eb q\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb, kan\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb Butrint dhe jan\u00eb vendosur nj\u00ebfar\u00eb kohe atje. Kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb kur vendi ka qen\u00eb n\u00ebn ndikimin e mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb anzhuin\u00ebve, deri n\u00eb 1307 kur v\u00ebrtetohet se jan\u00eb rikthyer ortodoks\u00ebt. Ka nd\u00ebrtime n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb vendesh, themi edhe Portiku i Jasht\u00ebm q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e manastirit t\u00eb Apolonis\u00eb, ka skulptura q\u00eb jan\u00eb qart\u00eb ndikime t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs romanike-gotike. Me shum\u00eb gjasa n\u00eb rastin e Apolonis\u00eb, ky ndikim nuk ka ardhur direkt nga jugu, por n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Dubrovnikut, Tivarit, Kotorrit, ku ishin Balshajt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb i kishin t\u00eb shtrira zot\u00ebrimet e tyre deri n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb. Po k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb kisha e Zv\u00ebrnecit q\u00eb ka elemente t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs romanike-gotike. Kemi ndikime n\u00eb Kurjan, ku ndikimi k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb ka hyr\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Vlor\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb fundit. Monumentet e kultur\u00ebs kan\u00eb nevoja t\u00eb vazhdueshme p\u00ebr restaurator\u00eb. N\u00eb dijenin\u00eb tuaj, a prodhojm\u00eb dot ne m\u00eb restaurator\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn e m\u00ebtejshme?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sot ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr restaurator\u00eb, por duhet rikthyer n\u00eb kushtet e reja, me format t\u00eb reja organizative nga Instituti i Monumenteve t\u00eb Kultur\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb kurs p\u00ebr master restaurimi, por n\u00eb form\u00ebn m\u00eb absurde p\u00ebr mendimin tim. Duhet riforcuar Instituti, duhen kualifikuar njer\u00ebzit, sepse aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt shkencor sesa 30 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nuk dalin n\u00eb pension. Them q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, por kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ndryshim rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb mbetemi pa monumente kulture dhe n\u00eb fond t\u00eb mbeten vet\u00ebm fotografit\u00eb dhe librat tan\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si u shkat\u00ebrrua kultura ilire nga dyndjet sllave dhe osmane 04\/02\/2020 Intervista\/ Aleksand\u00ebr Meksi flet si restaurator: Kultura ilire n\u00ebn dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb mbuluar nga nd\u00ebrtimi i pallateve Nga Leonard Veizi \u00a0Historia e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti edhe p\u00ebrmes asaj \u00e7far\u00eb na ofron nj\u00eb objekt kulti. N\u00eb fillim jan\u00eb ngritur kishat e ritit katolik, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":31121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[85,10,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori","category-kultura","category-trashegimi-kulturore"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Aleksander-Meksi-5.jpg?fit=533%2C246&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5Z6wp-85W","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":12954,"url":"https:\/\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/monumente-kalaja-e-lezhes\/","url_meta":{"origin":31120,"position":0},"title":"Monumente: -Kalaja e Lezhes. –","author":"Kurt Farka","date":"October 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Monumente: -Kalaja e Lezhes. - Kalaja ngrihet n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kodre me lart\u00ebsi 186 metra, n\u00eb lindje t\u00eb qytetit. Kalaja ka origjin\u00eb ilire. N\u00eb vitin 1440 ajo iu n\u00ebnshtrua nj\u00eb rind\u00ebrtimi nga venedikasit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 1522 pas pushtimit osman u rind\u00ebrtua edhe nga ana e tyre. 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