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8 Shtator 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n Zbulimet arkivore, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb autobiografi t\u00eb shekullit XIX t\u00eb harruar prej koh\u00ebsh, po ndryshojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si historian\u00ebt e kuptojn\u00eb Shadrack Byfield, nj\u00eb veteran anglez i Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb 1812-\u00ebs, i cili varrosi krahun e tij t\u00eb amputuar dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb krijoi nj\u00eb protez\u00eb t\u00eb posa\u00e7me.<\/strong><\/p>\n Byfield \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur vazhdimisht n\u00eb dokumentar\u00eb televiziv\u00eb, libra dhe ekspozita muzeale n\u00eb SHBA dhe Kanada, ku shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur si nj\u00eb ushtar britanik stoik, i cili i p\u00ebrballoi v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb pa u ankuar. D\u00ebshmit\u00eb e zbuluara s\u00eb fundmi paraqesin nj\u00eb pamje shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar. Ato tregojn\u00eb nj\u00eb veteran t\u00eb vendosur, i cili kaloi vite duke k\u00ebrkuar p\u00ebrfitime m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrballej me dhimbje kronike, varf\u00ebri, pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs dhe policin\u00eb.<\/p>\n \u201cErdh\u00ebn dhe m\u00eb shtynin, dhe m\u00eb p\u00ebshtyn\u00eb n\u00eb fytyr\u00eb, duke shpresuar se do t\u2019i godisja, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte e mundur, t\u00eb ma hiqnin pensionin \u2026 Ata raportuan se kisha nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb q\u00eblloja dy nga dhjak\u00ebt.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n K\u00ebto fjal\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga vet\u00eb Byfield, duke p\u00ebrshkruar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrballje n\u00eb kish\u00ebz\u00ebn e tij lokale n\u00eb Gloucestershire gjat\u00eb viteve 1850, kur ai ishte 63 vje\u00e7 dhe jetonte me pasojat e plag\u00ebve t\u00eb marra gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ai ishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr mes baptist\u00ebve t\u00eb fshatit. M\u00eb von\u00eb ai do t\u00eb akuzohej se kishte prer\u00eb nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar n\u00eb fytyr\u00eb me grep-in prej hekuri t\u00eb lidhur me krahun e tij prej druri.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb kujtim i humbur zbulon vite dhimbjeje<\/strong><\/p>\n Diku tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb autobiografin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb rizbuluar, Byfield p\u00ebrshkroi se si plag\u00ebt e luft\u00ebs vazhduan t\u00eb ndikonin tek ai edhe dekada pasi luftimet kishin p\u00ebrfunduar:<\/p>\n \u201cZotit tani i p\u00eblqeu t\u00eb m\u00eb godiste me nj\u00eb dhimbje t\u00eb fort\u00eb reumatike n\u00eb shpatull\u00ebn time t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, nga e cila ishte nxjerr\u00eb plumbi [i mushket\u00ebs]. Isha n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr gati tre vjet: shpeshher\u00eb nuk isha n\u00eb gjendje ta ngrija dor\u00ebn deri te koka, as filxhanin e \u00e7ajit deri te goja.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Ai ishte po aq i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb kur besonte se paaft\u00ebsia e tij po p\u00ebrdorej si arsye p\u00ebr t\u2019i paguar m\u00eb pak. Pasi nj\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs refuzoi t\u2019i jepte pag\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar si kopshtar me nj\u00eb dor\u00eb, Byfield deklaroi: \u201cNuk kam par\u00eb kurr\u00eb njeri q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb matej me mua me nj\u00eb krah.\u201d<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa ishte historian n\u00eb Universitetin e Kembrixhit, Dr. Eamonn O’Keeffe zbuloi at\u00eb q\u00eb ai beson se \u00ebsht\u00eb kopja e vetme e mbijetuar e vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb Byfield, History and Conversion of a British Soldier. E botuar n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, Angli, n\u00eb vitin 1851, autobiografia u rishfaq rreth 3.700 milje larg, n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn e Western Reserve Historical Society n\u00eb Cleveland, Ohio. O’Keeffe botoi gjetjet e tij n\u00eb Journal of British Studies (Cambridge University Press).<\/p>\n \u201cRr\u00ebfimi i Byfield p\u00ebr p\u00ebrvojat e tij gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i njohur, por njeriu pas kujtimeve ka mbetur i pakapsh\u00ebm. Zbulimi i k\u00ebtyre detajeve t\u00eb reja rreth jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij ofron nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme mbi vuajtjet dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ushtar\u00ebve britanik\u00eb q\u00eb ktheheshin n\u00eb atdhe\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>thot\u00eb Dr. O’Keeffe.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb ushtar i njohur me nj\u00eb jet\u00eb t\u00eb panjohur<\/strong><\/p>\n Lufta e 1812-\u00ebs u zhvillua n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Veriut midis Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara dhe Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Bashkuar, nd\u00ebrsa Luft\u00ebrat Napoleonike po i afroheshin fundit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Konflikti u b\u00eb nj\u00eb episod i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb formimin e identitetit komb\u00ebtar si n\u00eb SHBA, ashtu edhe n\u00eb Kanada.<\/p>\n Historian\u00ebt e kan\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar prej koh\u00ebsh kujtimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb Byfield, sepse ai ofron perspektiv\u00ebn e pazakont\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb ushtari t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm britanik q\u00eb luftonte rreth Liqeneve t\u00eb M\u00ebdha. P\u00ebrvojat e tij jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb libra historie dhe dokumentar\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb The War of 1812 t\u00eb PBS-s\u00eb (2011). Ai ishte gjithashtu personazhi qendror n\u00eb romanin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb Gregory Sass, Redcoat, t\u00eb vitit 1985, nd\u00ebrsa Fort Erie Visitor Centre n\u00eb Ontario ka nj\u00eb ekspozit\u00eb kushtuar atij.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr vite me radh\u00eb, studiuesit besonin se Byfield kishte vdekur rreth vitit 1850. Zbulimi i kujtimeve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb vitit 1851, i kombinuar me d\u00ebshmit\u00eb q\u00eb O’Keeffe gjeti n\u00eb gazeta dhe dokumente t\u00eb tjera arkivore, tregon se historia e tij vazhdoi p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada pas dat\u00ebs s\u00eb supozuar t\u00eb vdekjes.<\/p>\n Nga Wiltshire n\u00eb luft\u00eb n\u00eb Kanada<\/strong><\/p>\n Byfield lindi pran\u00eb qytetit tekstil Bradford-on-Avon n\u00eb Wiltshire, n\u00eb vitin 1789. N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn tet\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7are, ai iu bashkua milicis\u00eb s\u00eb Wiltshire-it n\u00eb vitin 1807. Sipas Byfield, ky vendim e tronditi aq thell\u00eb n\u00ebn\u00ebn e tij, saq\u00eb ajo p\u00ebsoi nj\u00eb gjendje pa fjal\u00eb dhe vdiq vet\u00ebm disa dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ai shpejt doli vullnetar p\u00ebr t\u2019iu bashkuar ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb rregullt dhe lundroi drejt Kanadas\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1809, ku iu bashkua Regjimentit t\u00eb 41-t\u00eb t\u00eb K\u00ebmb\u00ebsoris\u00eb. Kur Shtetet e Bashkuara shpall\u00ebn luft\u00eb n\u00eb qershor 1812, Byfield ishte i vendosur n\u00eb Fort George, n\u00eb lumin Niagara.<\/p>\n Ai mori pjes\u00eb m\u00eb pas n\u00eb disa beteja t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe mbijetoi pasi u plagos n\u00eb qaf\u00eb. M\u00eb pas, n\u00eb vitin 1814, nj\u00eb plumb mushkete i shkat\u00ebrroi parakrahun e majt\u00eb.<\/p>\n Plaga k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb pjesa e poshtme e krahut t\u2019i pritej me sharr\u00eb, pa anestezi. M\u00eb pas, nj\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs mjek\u00ebsor e hodhi gjymtyr\u00ebn e prer\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb \u201cgrumbull plehu\u201d. I t\u00ebrbuar, Byfield e mori krahun e tij dhe k\u00ebmb\u00ebnguli q\u00eb ta varroste si\u00e7 duhej. Ai gozhdoi disa d\u00ebrrasa s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb arkivol t\u00eb improvizuar p\u00ebr gjymtyr\u00ebn.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, ai udh\u00ebtoi drejt Royal Hospital Chelsea n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u2019u vler\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pension ushtarak. Vendimi e la \u201cshum\u00eb t\u00eb pak\u00ebnaqur\u201d, sepse iu dha vet\u00ebm n\u00ebnt\u00eb pens n\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb protez\u00eb krijuese dhe lufta p\u00ebr pun\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Pas kthimit n\u00eb Bradford-on-Avon, Byfield fillimisht siguroi jetes\u00ebn si pun\u00ebtor ferme. Mungesa e parakrahut e pengoi t\u00eb kthehej menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb profesionin e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm si end\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Sipas rr\u00ebfimit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm, zgjidhja i erdhi n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr. Byfield p\u00ebrfytyroi nj\u00eb \u201cpajisje\u201d q\u00eb do t\u2019i mund\u00ebsonte t\u00eb punonte n\u00eb tezgjah pavar\u00ebsisht paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij. M\u00eb pas i k\u00ebrkoi nj\u00eb fark\u00ebtari vendas ta kthente iden\u00eb e tij n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje funksionale.<\/p>\n Protez\u00eb e ndihmoi t\u00eb kthehej n\u00eb endje, por kjo nuk ishte burimi i vet\u00ebm i t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb tij. Ai gjithashtu punoi si \u201cchairman\u201d n\u00eb Bath-in e af\u00ebrt, duke transportuar njer\u00ebz t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb dhe me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuara n\u00ebp\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt e pjerr\u00ebta t\u00eb qytetit me karrige me rrota dhe karrige mbajt\u00ebse, pavar\u00ebsisht plag\u00ebve t\u00eb tij fizike.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Byfield nisi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb vendosur p\u00ebr t\u2019ia rritur pensionin. Ai m\u00eb n\u00eb fund ia doli n\u00eb vitin 1836, me ndihm\u00ebn e Sir William Napier, nj\u00eb oficer i pensionuar i ushtris\u00eb dhe historian i njohur ushtarak.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 1840, Byfield botoi autobiografin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb libri, A Narrative of a Light Company Soldier’s Service. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar zakonisht si analfabet, por O’Keeffe zbuloi nj\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim t\u00eb autobiografis\u00eb mes dokumenteve t\u00eb Napier-it, i shkruar me dor\u00ebn e vet\u00eb Byfield.<\/p>\n Dy kujtime tregojn\u00eb dy histori t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong><\/p>\n Imazhi q\u00eb Byfield paraqiti n\u00eb kujtimet e tij t\u00eb vitit 1840 ndryshon duksh\u00ebm nga ai q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb autobiografin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme.<\/p>\n \u201cN\u00eb rr\u00ebfimin e vitit 1840, Byfield k\u00ebrkonte t\u2019u b\u00ebnte p\u00ebrshtypje mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsve t\u00eb pasur duke e paraqitur veten si nj\u00eb ushtar t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar dhe veteran q\u00eb e meritonte mb\u00ebshtetjen,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>thot\u00eb O’Keeffe.\u00a0<\/span>\u201cNd\u00ebrsa kujtimet e vitit 1851, n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, ishin nj\u00eb histori e shpengimit shpirt\u00ebror, ku Byfield p\u00ebrshkruante p\u00ebrparimin e tij nga nj\u00eb m\u00ebkatar rebel n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb krishter\u00eb t\u00eb devotsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb penduar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Kujtimet e m\u00ebvonshme p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb gjithashtu pranime q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb Byfield-in t\u00eb duket m\u00eb pak heroik n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tradicionale. Ai pranoi se ishte larguar nga kampi pa leje dhe kishte marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekspedit\u00eb grabitjeje me ushtar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/p>\n \u201cIncidente t\u00eb tilla jo lajkatare mungojn\u00eb duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb rr\u00ebfimet e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb Byfield p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimin e tij ushtarak,\u201d t<\/em>hot\u00eb O’Keeffe.\u00a0<\/span>\u201cN\u00eb kujtimet e vitit 1851, veterani ndalet gjithashtu te periudhat e borxheve, s\u00ebmundjeve dhe papun\u00ebsis\u00eb pas kthimit n\u00eb Angli, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb kujtimet e tij t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme ai p\u00ebrshkruante se e mbante familjen \u2018rehatsh\u00ebm\u2019 me protez\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr endje p\u00ebr gati nj\u00ebzet vjet.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Kujtimet e tij zbulojn\u00eb gjithashtu se sa fizikisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ishte t\u00eb rifillonte pun\u00ebn pasi kishte humbur nj\u00eb krah. Byfield shkroi se, kur nj\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs i k\u00ebrkoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte tezgjahun me nj\u00eb dor\u00eb:<\/p>\n \u201cU p\u00ebrpoqa \u2026 aq mir\u00eb sa munda, por e ndjeva krahun tim shum\u00eb t\u00eb lodhur. V\u00ebshtir\u00eb se dija \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebja. Shkova n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn time t\u00eb gjumit, u gjunj\u00ebzova para Zotit dhe iu luta Atij t\u00eb m\u00eb jepte forc\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar \u2026 P\u00ebr nder dhe lavdi t\u00eb emrit t\u00eb Tij t\u00eb dashur, ai krah ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta kryej\u00eb pun\u00ebn po aq mir\u00eb sa tjetri.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb konflikt i hidhur p\u00ebrfundon n\u00eb nj\u00eb trazir\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00ebz<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb, Byfield u zhvendos n\u00eb Hawkesbury Upton, n\u00eb Gloucestershire. Atje, ai u p\u00ebrfshi thell\u00ebsisht n\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikt p\u00ebr kontrollin e kish\u00ebz\u00ebs baptiste t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb fshatit.<\/p>\n Mosmarr\u00ebveshja u p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzua shum\u00eb p\u00ebrtej nj\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshjeje teologjike. Ajo p\u00ebrfshiu procese gjyq\u00ebsore, p\u00ebrleshje fizike, zjarrv\u00ebnie dhe vandaliz\u00ebm, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb arrinte kulmin dramatik me nj\u00eb trazir\u00eb brenda kish\u00ebz\u00ebs n\u00eb qershor 1853.<\/p>\n O’Keeffe e rind\u00ebrtoi ngjarjen duke krahasuar kujtimet e Byfield t\u00eb vitit 1851 me raportimet e gazetave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs dhe dokumentet ligjore.<\/p>\n Byfield u akuzua se e kishte nisur p\u00ebrplasjen \u201cduke shtyr\u00eb\u201d dhe m\u00eb pas duke plagosur nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar rreth syrit dhe fytyr\u00ebs me grepin prej hekuri n\u00eb krahun e tij protetik.<\/p>\n T\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen, rreshteri i policis\u00eb Sidney Short i dor\u00ebzoi nj\u00eb flet\u00ebthirrje. Short kishte tentuar m\u00eb par\u00eb, pa sukses, ta ndiqte penalisht Byfield-in p\u00ebr dehje n\u00eb publik dy vjet m\u00eb her\u00ebt.<\/p>\n Sipas Short-it, Byfield, ministri i kish\u00ebz\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb burr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr iu p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn me \u201crr\u00ebke sharjesh\u201d. Ai tha se burrat e p\u00ebshtyn\u00eb dhe e ndoq\u00ebn deri n\u00eb rrug\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Byfield e akuzoi policin se kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb rreme gjat\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjes s\u00eb m\u00ebparshme p\u00ebr dehjen.<\/p>\n Kostoja e konfliktit n\u00eb kish\u00ebz<\/strong><\/p>\n Byfield nuk u d\u00ebnua kurr\u00eb p\u00ebr sulm, por mosmarr\u00ebveshja pati pasoja serioze. Fraksioni i tij p\u00ebrfundimisht humbi kontrollin e kish\u00ebz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Ai humbi gjithashtu pun\u00ebn si kujdestar i nj\u00eb monumenti 100 k\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb kushtuar Lord Edward Somerset, nj\u00eb gjeneral q\u00eb kishte luftuar n\u00eb Waterloo. Tet\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb famullitar\u00eb i paraqit\u00ebn me sukses nj\u00eb peticion Duk\u00ebs s\u00eb Beaufort p\u00ebr ta larguar Byfield-in nga kjo detyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n Puna kishte qen\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e vlefshme sepse p\u00ebrfshinte p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpize. Byfield e kishte marr\u00eb fillimisht k\u00ebt\u00eb post pasi i shiti duk\u00ebs nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb kujtimeve t\u00eb tij ushtarake, nd\u00ebrsa punonte si mbledh\u00ebs i taksave t\u00eb kalimit.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 1856, Byfield u kthye n\u00eb Bradford-on-Avon dhe u martua me gruan e tij t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Sir William Napier vazhdoi t\u2019i jepte nj\u00eb pages\u00eb vjetore dhe Byfield udh\u00ebtoi drejt Londr\u00ebs kur mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsi i tij i kahersh\u00ebm vdiq n\u00eb vitin 1860.<\/p>\n Ai vazhdoi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte rritje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb pensionit t\u00eb tij ushtarak, por k\u00ebrkesat e m\u00ebvonshme nuk pat\u00ebn sukses.<\/p>\n Deri n\u00eb vitin 1867, Byfield po shiste nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kujtim me titull The Forlorn Hope. Aktualisht nuk dihet t\u00eb ket\u00eb mbijetuar asnj\u00eb kopje.<\/p>\n Ai vdiq n\u00eb janar 1874, n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 84-vje\u00e7are.<\/p>\n