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7 Shtator 2026<\/p>\n
Dy bim\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb d\u00ebmtime nervore dhe paraliz\u00eb edhe n\u00eb doza jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb vogla mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje me p\u00ebrdorime t\u00eb vlefshme kund\u00ebr dhimbjes, malaries, kancerit dhe d\u00ebmtuesve bujq\u00ebsor\u00eb. Studiuesit tani kan\u00eb identifikuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb riprodhuar nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kimie t\u00eb fuqishme n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis laboratorik, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme drejt trajtimeve m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb produkte natyrore.<\/strong><\/p>\n Studimi u p\u00ebrqendrua te wolfsbane dhe larkspur dhe bashkoi shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb nga Universiteti Shtet\u00ebror i Mi\u00e7iganit dhe Akademia \u00c7eke e Shkencave. Gjetjet u publikuan n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Molecular Plant.<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00ebto bim\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr mij\u00ebra vjet,\u201d tha Garret Miller, ish-student i MSU-s\u00eb, bashkautor i par\u00eb i punimit dhe aktualisht profesor asistent i bioteknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Mi\u00e7iganit-Flint.<\/p>\n \u201cNe e dim\u00eb se ato nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb me trupin ton\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra dhe t\u00eb kuptuarit se si t\u2019i krijojm\u00eb ato mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb ofrimin e rrug\u00ebve krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr testim.\u201d<\/p>\n Kimia e fuqishme e bim\u00ebve helmuese<\/strong><\/p>\n Pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrparimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn moderne, bim\u00ebt mbeten t\u00eb pakrahasueshme n\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar kimikate natyrore t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara.<\/p>\n \u201cBim\u00ebt jan\u00eb kimist\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar arsenalin e tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjeve natyrore p\u00ebr miliona vite p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndihmuar t\u00eb mbijetojn\u00eb,\u201d tha Bj\u00f6rn Hamberger, autor i studimit dhe profesor i em\u00ebruar James K. Billman n\u00eb Departamentin e Biokimis\u00eb dhe Biologjis\u00eb Molekulare t\u00eb MSU-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n \u201cNjer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb gjetur p\u00ebrdorime t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta p\u00ebr k\u00ebto molekula n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme,\u201d shtoi Lana Mutabd\u017eija, studente e diplomuar n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb \u00c7eke t\u00eb Shkencave dhe bashkautore e par\u00eb e punimit t\u00eb fundit.<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb kafein\u00ebn, kapsaicin\u00ebn, mentolin dhe vanilin\u00ebn, pa p\u00ebrmendur faktin se shum\u00eb nga ila\u00e7et q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim sot ose vijn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga bim\u00ebt, ose jan\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar nga kimia bimore.\u201d<\/p>\n Laboratori Hamberger n\u00eb MSU studion k\u00ebto substanca natyrore, t\u00eb njohura si metabolit\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar, dhe eksploron se si mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb praktike.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitet e fundit, grupi e drejtoi v\u00ebmendjen te larkspur, e cila quhet gjithashtu delphinium p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luleve t\u00eb saj n\u00eb form\u00eb delfini. Studiuesit d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonin se si bima prodhon alkaloide diterpenoide, nj\u00eb grup kimikatesh q\u00eb jan\u00eb shum\u00eb toksike, por q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb edhe veti t\u00eb dobishme mjek\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb enigm\u00eb kimike e kahershme<\/p>\n Zb\u00ebrthimi i k\u00ebtij procesi paraqiti nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb t\u00eb madhe.<\/p>\n Alkaloidet diterpenoide kombinojn\u00eb ve\u00e7ori nga dy prej grupeve m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb kimikateve bimore n\u00eb planet. Strukturat e tyre jan\u00eb aq t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara sa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb pasur v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr dekada t\u00eb t\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar sakt\u00ebsisht se si bim\u00ebt i nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb ato.<\/p>\n Akonitina, nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb familje, u izolua pothuajse 200 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, studiuesit ende nuk kan\u00eb arritur ta sintetizojn\u00eb me sukses n\u00eb laborator.<\/p>\n Projekti mori hov p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimi t\u00eb papritur.<\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb konferenc\u00eb shkencore n\u00eb Barcelon\u00eb, Hamberger u takua me studiues nga laboratori i Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pluskal n\u00eb Akademin\u00eb \u00c7eke t\u00eb Shkencave. Grupi Pluskal, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Mutabd\u017eija-n, po studionte t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn familje t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb alkaloideve diterpenoide te wolfsbane, nj\u00eb i af\u00ebrm i njohur shum\u00eb helmues i larkspur, i cili njihet gjithashtu si monkshood.<\/p>\n \u201cKur ndodh kjo, ne mund t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb secili rrug\u00ebn ton\u00eb, ose t\u00eb bashkohemi, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb bashkimi ai q\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb,\u201d tha Hamberger.<\/p>\n Gjurmimi i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb montimit kimik t\u00eb bim\u00ebve<\/strong><\/p>\n Pasi bashkuan forcat, ekipi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb identifikonte rendin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb hapave biokimik\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin wolfsbane dhe larkspur p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar alkaloide diterpenoide.<\/p>\n K\u00ebrkimi i ngjante nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi molekular. Studiuesit analizuan disa lloje t\u00eb t\u00eb dyja bim\u00ebve dhe gjurmuan mij\u00ebra gjene, duke k\u00ebrkuar ato q\u00eb aktivizoheshin n\u00eb indet e duhura dhe n\u00eb momentin e duhur.<\/p>\n \u201cJu mund ta imagjinoni nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb biosintetike pothuajse si nj\u00eb linj\u00eb montimi,\u201d tha Miller, i cili mori doktoratur\u00ebn n\u00eb Laboratorin Hamberger. \u201cN\u00ebse keni dhjet\u00eb hapa radhazi t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb produkt p\u00ebrfundimtar dhe papritur nj\u00ebri ndalon, hapat pasues nuk mund t\u00eb ndodhin.\u201d<\/p>\n Bim\u00ebt n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi prodhojn\u00eb metabolit\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar n\u00eb sasi shum\u00eb t\u00eb vogla dhe me rit\u00ebm t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb. Prandaj, identifikimi i rrug\u00ebve biokimike pas tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr prodhimin e k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjeve n\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e tyre p\u00ebr probleme reale.<\/p>\n Pasi studiuesit zgjidhin nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb, ata mund t\u00eb transferojn\u00eb udh\u00ebzimet gjenetike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjeje te nj\u00eb organiz\u00ebm prit\u00ebs i modifikuar, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb majaja.<\/p>\n Kjo form\u00eb e biohakerimit mund ta shnd\u00ebrroj\u00eb organizmin prit\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem biologjik prodhimi, duke e lejuar at\u00eb t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb kimikatit t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar p\u00ebr studime dhe zhvillime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme.<\/p>\n \u201cN\u00eb nj\u00eb skenar ideal, kjo mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb krijimin e ila\u00e7eve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb frym\u00ebzuara nga k\u00ebto produkte natyrore,\u201d tha Mutabd\u017eija.<\/p>\n