![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.shqiperia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/640-0-6f51d76a962ec94f181235752cc3e146.webp?resize=589%2C332&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2 Gusht 2026<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb evolucionare, shum\u00eb kafsh\u00eb riprodhoheshin dhe m\u00eb pas i linin pasardh\u00ebsit e tyre t\u00eb mbijetonin t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb studim ofron nj\u00eb shpjegim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si kujdesi prind\u00ebror u shfaq nga ato fillime t\u00eb larg\u00ebta pa prind\u00ebrim.<\/p>\n
Duke studiuar milingonat grabit\u00ebse klonale, studiuesit zbuluan se evolucioni mund t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb krijuar sisteme krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb reja t\u00eb trurit p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar sjelljen prind\u00ebrore. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, duket se ai ka p\u00ebrshtatur rrug\u00ebt e lashta nervore q\u00eb fillimisht rregullonin urin\u00eb dhe ushqyerjen, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb ri n\u00eb kujdesin shoq\u00ebror.<\/p>\n
Milingonat dhe gjitar\u00ebt p\u00ebrdorin sisteme t\u00eb lidhura t\u00eb sinjalizimit t\u00eb trurit q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb kontrollin e kujdesit prind\u00ebror. Milingonat gjithashtu ndryshojn\u00eb rolet e tyre shoq\u00ebrore nd\u00ebrsa plaken, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb ato t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr studimin e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si evoluoi prind\u00ebrimi dhe se si sjellja ndryshon nd\u00ebrsa truri plaket. Gjetjet mund t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr procese t\u00eb ngjashme te gjitar\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb njer\u00ebzit.<\/p>\n
\u201cPuna jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull kryesor se si evolucioni rrall\u00ebher\u00eb shpik gj\u00ebra nga e para\u201d, thot\u00eb Daniel Kronauer, drejtues i Laboratorit t\u00eb Evolucionit Shoq\u00ebror dhe Sjelljes n\u00eb Rockefeller. \u201cEvolucioni merr at\u00eb q\u00eb ka dhe punon me t\u00eb, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra shum\u00eb befasuese.\u201d<\/p>\n
Si mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar evolucioni prind\u00ebrimin<\/strong><\/p>\n Kujdesi prind\u00ebror shfaqet n\u00eb shum\u00eb forma n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e kafsh\u00ebve. Gjitar\u00ebt i ushqejn\u00eb t\u00eb vegjlit e tyre me qum\u00ebsht, zogjt\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb dhe mir\u00ebmbajn\u00eb folet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa milingonat kujdesen p\u00ebr larvat q\u00eb zhvillohen. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb pyetur prej koh\u00ebsh se si k\u00ebto sjellje komplekse t\u00eb kujdesit evoluan nga paraardh\u00ebs q\u00eb ofronin pak ose aspak kujdes.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb ide kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb se evolucioni rip\u00ebrdori sisteme biologjike q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ekzistonin. K\u00ebrkimet e m\u00ebparshme te gjitar\u00ebt sugjeruan se disa neuropeptide, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb molekula t\u00eb vogla q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren nga truri p\u00ebr komunikim, mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb kaluar nga rregullimi i uris\u00eb n\u00eb nxitjen e sjelljes prind\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n V\u00ebrtetimi i k\u00ebsaj lidhjeje ka qen\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Mizat e frutave dhe krimbat e rrumbullak\u00ebt, dy kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimet e neuroshkenc\u00ebs, nuk kujdesen p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit e tyre. Minjt\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb kujdes t\u00eb gjer\u00eb prind\u00ebror dhe shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb identifikuar disa neuropeptide t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje, por truri i miut \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kompleks.<\/p>\n Ekipi i Kronauer zbuloi se disa mekanizma neuromodulues t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb kujdesin prind\u00ebror mbivendosen te milingonat dhe minjt\u00eb. Kjo i b\u00ebn milingonat nj\u00eb model potencialisht t\u00eb vlefsh\u00ebm k\u00ebrkimi. Truri i nj\u00eb milingone p\u00ebrmban rreth 60 000 qeliza, krahasuar me af\u00ebrsisht 100 milion\u00eb n\u00eb trurin e miut, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb studiojn\u00eb qarqet baz\u00eb me shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr holl\u00ebsi dhe me rit\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n Ndjekja e kujdesit prind\u00ebror, nj\u00eb milingon\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Studiuesit krijuan nj\u00eb sistem automatik t\u00eb sjelljes q\u00eb vendoste milingona individuale me larva individuale. Ky sistem i lejoi ekipit t\u00eb monitoronte qindra nd\u00ebrveprime kujdesi.<\/p>\n M\u00eb pas ata identifikuan dhe sintetizuan shum\u00eb nga lajm\u00ebtar\u00ebt kimik\u00eb q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb trurin e milingon\u00ebs. \u00c7do molekul\u00eb u testua p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse ndryshonte sjelljen e kujdesit te milingonat.<\/p>\n Kolonit\u00eb e milingonave kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb rrept\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs q\u00eb varet shum\u00eb nga mosha. Milingonat e reja zakonisht q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb brenda foles\u00eb dhe kujdesen p\u00ebr larvat. Nd\u00ebrsa plaken, ato kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb largohen nga foleja dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb ushqim.<\/p>\n Studiuesit donin t\u00eb kuptonin se si ndryshimet n\u00eb kimik\u00ebn e trurit kontrollojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kalim. Ata studiuan se ku prodhoheshin molekulat m\u00eb premtuese, si ndryshonin nivelet e tyre gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb milingone dhe \u00e7far\u00eb ndodhte kur aktiviteti i k\u00ebtyre molekulave rritej ose zvog\u00eblohej.<\/p>\n Ekipi gjithashtu krahasoi milingonat q\u00eb ishin ushqyer me ato q\u00eb ishin privuar nga ushqimi. Kjo u lejoi shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb testonin n\u00ebse sinjalet e p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb kujdesin prind\u00ebror ishin ende t\u00eb lidhura me qarqet e lashta t\u00eb ushqyerjes nga t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb evoluar.<\/p>\n \u201cNe p\u00ebrshkruam neuropeptidomin e k\u00ebsaj milingone, t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb e plot\u00eb t\u00eb neuropeptideve\u201d, thot\u00eb Kay. \u201cKishte 70 q\u00eb mund\u00ebm t\u2019i identifikonim. U desh shum\u00eb pun\u00eb, por tani kemi nj\u00eb grup molekulash q\u00eb mund t\u2019i hetojm\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra.\u201d<\/p>\n Dy molekula t\u00eb trurit form\u00ebsojn\u00eb sjelljen e milingonave<\/strong><\/p>\n Rezultatet treguan se kujdesi prind\u00ebror te milingonat mbetet i lidhur ngusht\u00eb me sistemet e trurit q\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb urin\u00eb. Dy molekula sinjalizuese dukej se e shtynin sjelljen n\u00eb drejtime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs dhe gjendjes s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb milingon\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Neuropeptidi F (NPF) i nxiste milingonat t\u00eb kujdeseshin p\u00ebr larvat. Allatostatina A (AstA), n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, i b\u00ebnte milingonat m\u00eb t\u00eb prirura t\u00eb largoheshin nga larvat dhe t\u00eb fillonin k\u00ebrkimin e ushqimit.<\/p>\n Milingonat e reja natyrsh\u00ebm kishin nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb NPF dhe nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb AstA n\u00eb zona t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb trurit. Milingonat m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra shfaqnin modelin e kund\u00ebrt. Ky ndryshim p\u00ebrputhej me kalimin normal t\u00eb insekteve nga ushqyerja e larvave brenda foles\u00eb n\u00eb mbledhjen e ushqimit jasht\u00eb saj.<\/p>\n Kur studiuesit ndryshuan aktivitetin e secil\u00ebs molekul\u00eb, milingonat ndryshuan sjelljen e tyre. Kjo tregoi se neuropeptidet nuk ishin thjesht t\u00eb lidhura me kujdesin, por mund t\u00eb ndikonin aktivisht n\u00ebse nj\u00eb milingon\u00eb kujdesej p\u00ebr larvat apo shkonte t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ushqim.<\/p>\n Uria mund t\u2019i shtyj\u00eb milingonat drejt kujdesit prind\u00ebror<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat molekula gjithashtu reaguan ndaj uris\u00eb, ashtu si sinjale t\u00eb ngjashme te gjitar\u00ebt. Milingonat e l\u00ebna pa ushqim zhvilluan nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb NPF dhe nivele m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb AstA, duke u sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb si kujdestare.<\/p>\n Pasi milingonat u ushqyen, ekuilibri kimik u p\u00ebrmbys. Ato u p\u00ebrqendruan m\u00eb pak te kujdesi p\u00ebr larvat dhe u prir\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb drejt k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb ushqimit.<\/p>\n \u201cNe m\u00ebsuam se sjelljet prind\u00ebrore nd\u00ebrtohen mbi qarqet nervore t\u00eb ushqyerjes, dhe kjo ka kuptim\u201d, thot\u00eb Kronauer. \u201cSjellja prind\u00ebrore lidhet shum\u00eb me ushqyerjen jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb vetes, por edhe t\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsve.\u201d<\/p>\n Gjetjet mb\u00ebshtesin iden\u00eb se kujdesi prind\u00ebror evoluoi duke p\u00ebrshtatur sistemet e trurit q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ishin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr gjetjen dhe konsumimin e ushqimit. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb krijonte kujdesin nga asgj\u00ebja, evolucioni mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb zgjeruar sjelljen e ushqyerjes n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb kafsh\u00ebt t\u00eb motivoheshin t\u00eb siguronin ushqim si p\u00ebr pasardh\u00ebsit e tyre, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr veten.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb model i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr prind\u00ebrimin<\/strong><\/p>\n Studiuesit tani planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb identifikojn\u00eb qarqet specifike nervore t\u00eb ndikuara nga NPF dhe AstA. Hart\u00ebzimi i k\u00ebtyre rrug\u00ebve mund t\u00eb zbuloj\u00eb se si sinjalet kimike p\u00ebrkthehen n\u00eb sjellje kujdesi.<\/p>\n Gjitar\u00ebt duket se p\u00ebrdorin disa nga t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat neuropeptide kur kujdesen p\u00ebr t\u00eb vegjlit e tyre. Krahasimi i qarqeve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse te milingonat dhe gjitar\u00ebt mund t\u2019i ndihmoj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb nj\u00eb strategji biologjike t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr prind\u00ebrimin, e cila shtrihet n\u00eb deg\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larg\u00ebta t\u00eb mbret\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve.<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00eb mahnit fakti q\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb ngjashme prind\u00ebrore kan\u00eb evoluar kaq shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb kaq shum\u00eb linja t\u00eb ndryshme kafsh\u00ebsh\u201d, thot\u00eb Kay. \u201cPunimi yn\u00eb sugjeron se rrug\u00ebt evolucionare drejt k\u00ebtyre lloj sjelljesh jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara sesa mund ta kemi imagjinuar fillimisht. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb emocionuese, sepse p\u00ebrfundimisht mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb model t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si evoluojn\u00eb k\u00ebto sjellje komplekse shoq\u00ebrore.\u201d<\/p>\n Milingonat mund t\u00eb zbulojn\u00eb gjithashtu se si plaken truri<\/strong><\/p>\n Milingonat grabit\u00ebse klonale mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa vet\u00ebm studimin e prind\u00ebrimit. Kalimi i tyre i parashikuesh\u00ebm nga kujdestare n\u00eb k\u00ebrkuese ushqimi mund t\u2019i ndihmoj\u00eb gjithashtu studiuesit t\u00eb hetojn\u00eb se si plakja e sh\u00ebndetshme ndryshon trurin dhe sjelljen.<\/p>\n Shum\u00eb k\u00ebrkime mbi plakjen p\u00ebrqendrohen n\u00eb \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb r\u00ebnda q\u00eb shfaqen von\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt din\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak p\u00ebr ndryshimet graduale q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb nj\u00eb tru t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsis\u00eb normale t\u00eb nj\u00eb individi.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr shkak se ndryshimet e lidhura me mosh\u00ebn n\u00eb sjelljen e milingonave jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr organizimin e kolonis\u00eb, milingonat ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem natyror p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar se si kimia e trurit riform\u00ebson rolet shoq\u00ebrore me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Studiuesit besojn\u00eb se mekanizma t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm kimik\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb ndryshimet e sjelljes t\u00eb lidhura me mosh\u00ebn te kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n